Dicer 和 PKR 作为胚胎干细胞命运和抗病毒先天免疫的新型调节因子。
Dicer and PKR as Novel Regulators of Embryonic Stem Cell Fate and Antiviral Innate Immunity.
机构信息
Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS; and
Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS; and.
出版信息
J Immunol. 2022 May 15;208(10):2259-2266. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200042.
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) represent a unique cell population in the blastocyst stage embryo. They have been intensively studied as a promising cell source for regenerative medicine. Recent studies have revealed that both human and mouse ESCs are deficient in expressing IFNs and have attenuated inflammatory responses. Apparently, the ability to express IFNs and respond to certain inflammatory cytokines is not "innate" to ESCs but rather is developmentally acquired by somatic cells during differentiation. Accumulating evidence supports a hypothesis that the attenuated innate immune response may serve as a protective mechanism allowing ESCs to avoid immunological cytotoxicity. This review describes our current understanding of the molecular basis that shapes the immune properties of ESCs. We highlight the recent findings on Dicer and dsRNA-activated protein kinase R as novel regulators of ESC fate and antiviral immunity and discuss how ESCs use alternative mechanisms to accommodate their stem cell properties.
胚胎干细胞（ESCs）代表囊胚期胚胎中独特的细胞群体。它们被广泛研究作为再生医学有前途的细胞来源。最近的研究表明，人和小鼠 ESCs 都缺乏 IFN 的表达，并减弱了炎症反应。显然，表达 IFN 和对某些炎症细胞因子作出反应的能力对于 ESCs 来说并不是“先天”的，而是体细胞在分化过程中获得的。越来越多的证据支持这样一种假设，即减弱的先天免疫反应可能是一种保护机制，使 ESCs 能够避免免疫细胞毒性。这篇综述描述了我们目前对塑造 ESCs 免疫特性的分子基础的理解。我们强调了 Dicer 和 dsRNA 激活蛋白激酶 R 作为 ESC 命运和抗病毒免疫的新调节剂的最新发现，并讨论了 ESCs 如何利用替代机制来适应其干细胞特性。
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