Department of Practice and Policy, Faculty of Life Sciences, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK.
International Pharmaceutical Federation, The Hague, The Netherlands.
BMJ Open. 2022 May 16;12(5):e061860. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061860.
Advancing the pharmacy workforce contributes to strengthening primary healthcare and accelerating progress towards universal health coverage. This study aimed to identify key enablers to support policy development for national pharmacy workforce advancement.
A cross-sectional country-level questionnaire was distributed from July 2018 to March 2019.
National-level or country-level pharmacy workforce development policy.
Professional leadership associations and national agencies of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). The FIP global database included 129 countries.
The questionnaire was designed to collate data on the scope of advanced and specialist practice in respondent countries. Multiple correspondence analysis and subsequent cluster analysis were conducted to explore the associations and patterns of country-level attributes of systems in place for the pharmacy workforce advancement in order to develop a general transnational model for country-level advanced practice development.
Eighty-eight countries (68.2% response rate) responded to the questionnaire. Factors that enhance and contribute to advanced practice policy development include the country's socioeconomic factors and the availability of national practice advancement concepts. The essential advancement concepts include the availability of framework and professional recognition systems, programmes assisting advanced practice development and workforce advancement and recognition opportunities. Cluster analysis identified three clusters of country respondents. First cluster included low-income and middle-income with poor pharmacy advancement implementation, second cluster included a higher socioeconomic status with weaker pharmacy workforce advancement implementation and third cluster included upper middle-income to high-income countries and high rates of pharmacy advancement implementation.
The key factors identified in this study can be used to support a transnational approach to pharmacy workforce advancement. The three clusters identified highlighted that workforce advancement was not an exclusive trait of higher-income countries. Lessons from countries that have already adopted concepts of advancement in pharmacy practice could be adopted to other countries to accelerate the progress of advanced practice globally.
推进药剂师队伍建设有助于加强初级卫生保健，并加速实现全民健康覆盖。本研究旨在确定支持国家药剂师队伍发展政策制定的关键推动因素。
2018 年 7 月至 2019 年 3 月期间，开展了一项横断面的国家级问卷调研。
国家级或国家级药剂师队伍发展政策。
国际药剂师联合会（FIP）的专业领导协会和国家机构。FIP 全球数据库包括 129 个国家。
问卷旨在整理受访者国家中高级和专科实践范围的数据。采用多元对应分析和随后的聚类分析，以探索国家层面药剂师队伍发展系统的属性关联和模式，以便为国家级高级实践发展制定一个通用的跨国模型。
88 个国家（68.2%的回应率）对问卷做出了回应。增强和有助于高级实践政策发展的因素包括国家的社会经济因素以及国家实践发展概念的可用性。基本的发展概念包括框架和专业认可系统的可用性、协助高级实践发展和劳动力发展的计划以及认可机会。聚类分析确定了三个国家受访者聚类。第一聚类包括低收入和中等收入国家，药剂师发展实施情况较差；第二聚类包括社会经济地位较高的国家，药剂师劳动力发展实施情况较弱；第三聚类包括中高收入至高收入国家，药剂师发展实施率较高。
本研究确定的关键因素可用于支持跨国药剂师队伍发展方法。确定的三个聚类突出表明，劳动力发展并非高收入国家的特有特征。从已经采用药剂实践高级概念的国家中吸取的经验教训，可以被其他国家采用，以加速全球高级实践的发展。
