Pudhiyidath Athula, Morton Neal W, Viveros Duran Rodrigo, Schapiro Anna C, Momennejad Ida, Hinojosa-Rowland Demitrius M, Molitor Robert J, Preston Alison R
The University of Texas at Austin.
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2022 Sep 1;34(10):1736-1760. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_01864.
Our understanding of the world is shaped by inferences about underlying structure. For example, at the gym, you might notice that the same people tend to arrive around the same time and infer that they are friends that work out together. Consistent with this idea, after participants are presented with a temporal sequence of objects that follows an underlying community structure, they are biased to infer that objects from the same community share the same properties. Here, we used fMRI to measure neural representations of objects after temporal community structure learning and examine how these representations support inference about object relationships. We found that community structure learning affected inferred object similarity: When asked to spatially group items based on their experience, participants tended to group together objects from the same community. Neural representations in perirhinal cortex predicted individual differences in object grouping, suggesting that high-level object representations are affected by temporal community learning. Furthermore, participants were biased to infer that objects from the same community would share the same properties. Using computational modeling of temporal learning and inference decisions, we found that inductive reasoning is influenced by both detailed knowledge of temporal statistics and abstract knowledge of the temporal communities. The fidelity of temporal community representations in hippocampus and precuneus predicted the degree to which temporal community membership biased reasoning decisions. Our results suggest that temporal knowledge is represented at multiple levels of abstraction, and that perirhinal cortex, hippocampus, and precuneus may support inference based on this knowledge.
我们对世界的理解是由对潜在结构的推断塑造的。例如，在健身房，你可能会注意到同一群人往往在同一时间到达，并推断他们是一起锻炼的朋友。与此观点一致的是，在向参与者展示遵循潜在社区结构的对象的时间序列后，他们倾向于推断来自同一社区的对象具有相同的属性。在这里，我们使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）来测量时间社区结构学习后对象的神经表征，并研究这些表征如何支持对对象关系的推断。我们发现社区结构学习影响推断的对象相似性：当被要求根据他们的经验对项目进行空间分组时，参与者倾向于将来自同一社区的对象归为一组。嗅周皮质中的神经表征预测了对象分组中的个体差异，这表明高级对象表征受时间社区学习的影响。此外，参与者倾向于推断来自同一社区的对象会具有相同的属性。通过对时间学习和推理决策进行计算建模，我们发现归纳推理受时间统计的详细知识和时间社区的抽象知识的影响。海马体和楔前叶中时间社区表征的保真度预测了时间社区成员身份对推理决策产生偏差的程度。我们的结果表明，时间知识在多个抽象层次上得到表征，并且嗅周皮质、海马体和楔前叶可能支持基于这些知识的推理。
