Department of Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), 283, Goyang-Daero, Ilsanseo-Gu, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 10223, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
Department of Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), 283, Goyang-Daero, Ilsanseo-Gu, Goyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 10223, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
Chemosphere. 2022 Sep;303(Pt 1):134959. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134959. Epub 2022 May 14.
With the increasing global demand for energy, renewable and sustainable biogas has attracted considerable attention. However, the presence of various gases such as methane, carbon dioxide (CO), nitrogen, and hydrogen sulfide in biogas, and the potential emission of acid gases, which may adversely influence the environment, limits the efficient application of biogas in many fields. Consequently, researchers have focused on the upgrade and purification of biogas to eliminate impurities and obtain high-quality and high-purity biomethane with an increased combustion efficiency. In this context, the removal of CO gas, which is the most abundant contaminant in biogas, is of significance. Compared to conventional biogas purification processes such as water scrubbing, chemical absorption, pressure swing adsorption, and cryogenic separation, advanced membrane separation technologies are simpler to implement, easier to scale, and incur lower costs. Notably, hollow fiber membranes enhance the gas separation efficiency and decrease costs because their large specific surface area provides a greater range of gas transport. Several reviews have described biogas upgrading technologies and gas separation membranes composed of different materials. In this review, five commonly used commercial biogas upgrading technologies, as well as biological microalgae-based techniques are compared, the advantages and limitations of polymeric and mixed matrix hollow fiber membranes are highlighted, and methods to fabricate and modify hollow fiber membranes are described. This will provide more ideas and methods for future low-cost, large-scale industrial biogas upgrading using membrane technology.
随着全球对能源的需求不断增长，可再生和可持续的沼气引起了广泛关注。然而，沼气中存在各种气体，如甲烷、二氧化碳（CO）、氮气和硫化氢，以及潜在的酸性气体排放，这可能会对环境造成不利影响，限制了沼气在许多领域的有效应用。因此，研究人员专注于沼气的升级和净化，以消除杂质，获得具有更高燃烧效率的高质量、高纯度的生物甲烷。在这种情况下，去除沼气中最丰富的污染物 CO 气体具有重要意义。与传统的沼气净化工艺，如水洗涤、化学吸收、变压吸附和低温分离相比，先进的膜分离技术更简单、更容易扩展，且成本更低。值得注意的是，中空纤维膜因其具有较大的比表面积，提供了更大的气体传输范围，从而提高了气体分离效率并降低了成本。已有几篇综述描述了沼气升级技术和由不同材料组成的气体分离膜。在这篇综述中，我们比较了五种常用的商业沼气升级技术，以及基于生物微藻的技术，突出了聚合物和混合基质中空纤维膜的优点和局限性，并描述了制造和修饰中空纤维膜的方法。这将为未来使用膜技术进行低成本、大规模的工业沼气升级提供更多的思路和方法。
