Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad Tecnológica, Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Santiago, Chile.
Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Facultad Tecnológica, Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Santiago, Chile.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Sep 10;838(Pt 1):155906. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155906. Epub 2022 May 14.
Forest disturbances modify microhabitats along the different vertical strata, triggering structural and functional changes in forest-dwelling beetle communities. However, the effects of multiple environmental factors can be complex to detect in ecosystems that offer a broad variety of microhabitats for a great variety of beetle species. This is the case in Patagonian temperate forests, where the use of remote sensing provides an opportunity to evaluate the sensitivity of beetle species to environmental changes. Here, we identified the environmental drivers of forest-dwelling beetle communities in the ground and canopy of 34 north Patagonian-forest landscapes. We analyzed the associations of the taxonomic and functional diversity of five trophic guilds with 30 remote-sensing variables of landscape structure, composition, and disturbances; vegetation and soil properties; and climate and physical variables. Hierarchical clustering analysis was used to identify trophic guilds responding similarly to predictors. Segmented regression analysis was used to evaluate functional redundancy from taxonomic-functional richness relationships. A total of 583 species (23,848 individuals) of beetles were recorded for both strata. The effects of environmental variables were heterogeneous across strata and guilds. Canopy beetles were especially sensitive to early successional conditions, and canopy attributes, but also benefited from the canopy openness. Forest specialists of the ground and canopy responded differently to environmental variables. Ground-dwelling beetles were mostly affected by fires, human modifications, edge closeness, high temperatures, and soil properties, responding weakly to canopy properties. Functional redundancy varied weakly along environmental gradients, being more likely in local communities of ground-dwelling beetles mostly composed of species with overlapping functional roles. Contrasting environmental responses between ground and canopy beetles, as well as among beetles of different trophic guilds, should arise from microhabitats that vary across strata and interact differently with response traits.
森林干扰改变了不同垂直层次的小生境，引发了森林栖息甲虫群落的结构和功能变化。然而，在提供广泛的小生境供各种甲虫物种栖息的生态系统中，多种环境因素的影响可能难以检测。这就是巴塔哥尼亚温带森林的情况，在这种情况下，遥感的使用为评估甲虫物种对环境变化的敏感性提供了机会。在这里，我们确定了 34 个北巴塔哥尼亚森林景观中地面和树冠层森林栖息甲虫群落的环境驱动因素。我们分析了五个营养类群的分类和功能多样性与景观结构、组成和干扰的 30 个遥感变量、植被和土壤特性以及气候和物理变量之间的关联。层次聚类分析用于识别对预测因子有相似反应的营养类群。分段回归分析用于评估分类-功能丰富度关系中的功能冗余。共记录了两个层次的 583 种（23848 只）甲虫。环境变量的影响在层次和类群之间是不均匀的。树冠甲虫对早期演替条件和树冠属性特别敏感，但也受益于树冠开阔度。地面和树冠的森林专业甲虫对环境变量的反应不同。地面甲虫主要受火灾、人类改造、边缘接近度、高温和土壤特性的影响，对树冠特性的反应较弱。功能冗余沿环境梯度变化微弱，在主要由功能重叠的物种组成的地面甲虫的局部群落中更为常见。地面和树冠甲虫之间以及不同营养类群的甲虫之间的环境反应的差异，应该是由于小生境在不同层次上的变化，并与反应特征以不同的方式相互作用而产生的。
