Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
Dev Biol. 2022 Aug;488:68-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.05.007. Epub 2022 May 14.
The morphogenesis and plasticity of dendritic spines are associated with synaptic strength, learning, and memory. Dendritic spines are highly compartmentalized structures, which makes proteins involved in cellular polarization and membrane compartmentalization likely candidates regulating their formation and maintenance. Indeed, recent studies suggest polarity proteins help form and maintain dendritic spines by compartmentalizing the spine neck and head. Here, we review emerging evidence that polarity proteins regulate dendritic spine plasticity and stability through the cytoskeleton, scaffolding molecules, and signaling molecules. We specifically analyze various polarity complexes known to contribute to different forms of cell polarization processes and examine the essential conceptual context linking these groups of polarity proteins to dendritic spine morphogenesis, plasticity, and cognitive functions.
树突棘的形态发生和可塑性与突触强度、学习和记忆有关。树突棘是高度分隔的结构，这使得参与细胞极化和膜分隔的蛋白质成为调节其形成和维持的候选物。事实上，最近的研究表明，极性蛋白通过分隔棘突颈部和头部来帮助形成和维持树突棘。在这里，我们综述了新出现的证据，表明极性蛋白通过细胞骨架、支架分子和信号分子调节树突棘的可塑性和稳定性。我们特别分析了已知有助于不同形式的细胞极化过程的各种极性复合物，并研究了将这些极性蛋白组与树突棘形态发生、可塑性和认知功能联系起来的基本概念背景。
