McNeal J E
J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1987 Jan-Feb;70(1):95-9.
Rapid analytical procedures are needed to determine the total protein, moisture, and fat content of meat and poultry products. During the past 5 years, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has been studying various methods involving instrumentation that test for these constituents either in combination or separately. The studies are initiated on request of the Department or the instrumentation manufacturer and are conducted at the manufacturers' facilities using 2 sets of samples preanalyzed by conventional means. One set, with values, is used for calibration purposes, the other set is tested as unknown samples. The resultant data are evaluated statistically vs the conventional test results. Most studies show the usefulness of these rapid tests for product quality control, but some fall short of regulatory requirements because of unacceptable bias or variability. Typical within-product standard deviations obtained in rapid methods instrumentation tests have ranged from 0.47 to 0.67 for percent total protein, 0.73 to 1.71 for moisture, and 0.41 to 1.14 for fat. For conventional methods, the acceptable USDA performance criteria for repeatability are standard deviations of less than 0.24 for protein, 0.46 for moisture, and 0.63 for fat. Improvements in instrumentation are being made and studies continue.
需要快速分析程序来测定肉类和家禽产品的总蛋白、水分和脂肪含量。在过去5年里，美国农业部（USDA）一直在研究各种使用仪器的方法，这些方法可以联合或单独检测这些成分。这些研究是应美国农业部或仪器制造商的要求发起的，在制造商的设施中进行，使用两组预先通过传统方法分析过的样品。一组有已知值，用于校准目的，另一组作为未知样品进行检测。将所得数据与传统测试结果进行统计学评估。大多数研究表明这些快速检测方法对产品质量控制有用，但有些方法由于偏差或变异性不可接受而未达到监管要求。在快速方法仪器测试中获得的典型产品内标准偏差，总蛋白百分比为0.47至0.67，水分为0.73至1.71，脂肪为0.41至1.14。对于传统方法，美国农业部可接受的重复性性能标准是，蛋白质的标准偏差小于0.24，水分的标准偏差小于0.46，脂肪的标准偏差小于0.63。仪器正在改进，研究也在继续。
