Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2022 Jul 13;59(4):1328-1335. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjac049.
Tickborne disease cases account for over 75% of reported vector-borne disease cases in the United States each year. In addition to transmitting the agents of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu strict [Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae] and Borrelia mayonii [Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae]), the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, and the western blacklegged tick, Ixodes pacificus collectively transmit five additional human pathogens. By mapping the distributions of tickborne pathogens in host-seeking ticks, we can understand where humans are at risk of contracting tickborne diseases and devise targeted strategies to prevent them. Using publicly available tickborne pathogen surveillance databases, internal CDC pathogen testing databases, and SCOPUS search records published since 2000, we mapped the county-level distribution of Borrelia miyamotoi (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae), Ehrlichia muris eauclairensis (Rickettsiales: Ehrlichiaceae), Babesia microti (Piroplasmida: Babesiidae), and Powassan virus (Flaviviridae) reported in host-seeking I. scapularis or I. pacificus in the contiguous United States. We also updated recently published maps of the distributions of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Borrelia mayonii. All seven pathogen distributions were more limited than the distributions of vector ticks, with at least one of the seven pathogens detected in 30 states out of 41 total states (73.2% of states) where vector ticks are considered to be established. Prevention and diagnosis of tickborne diseases rely on an accurate understanding by the public and health care providers of where people are at risk for exposure to infected ticks. Our county-level pathogen distribution maps expand on previous efforts showing the distribution of Lyme disease spirochetes and highlight counties where further investigation may be warranted.
在美国，每年报告的虫媒病病例中，有超过 75%是由蜱传疾病引起的。黑腿蜱（Ixodes scapularis）和太平洋黑腿蜱（Ixodes pacificus）除了传播莱姆病病原体（严格意义上的伯氏疏螺旋体[螺旋体目：疏螺旋体科]和伯氏包柔螺旋体[螺旋体目：疏螺旋体科]）外，还共同传播另外五种人类病原体。通过绘制宿主寻找蜱虫中蜱传病原体的分布情况，我们可以了解人类感染蜱传疾病的风险区域，并制定有针对性的策略来预防这些疾病。利用公开的蜱传病原体监测数据库、内部 CDC 病原体检测数据库和自 2000 年以来在 SCOPUS 上发表的检索记录，我们绘制了在美国相邻各州中，宿主寻找的黑腿蜱或太平洋黑腿蜱中报告的米氏巴贝虫（螺旋体目：疏螺旋体科）、嗜吞噬细胞无形体（立克次体目：无形体科）、埃立克体鼠埃立克体（立克次体目：埃立克体科）、微小巴贝斯虫（血孢子虫目：巴贝斯虫科）和波瓦桑病毒（黄病毒科）的县级分布情况。我们还更新了近期发表的严格意义上的伯氏疏螺旋体和伯氏包柔螺旋体分布地图。所有七种病原体的分布范围都比媒介蜱虫的分布范围更有限，在 41 个有媒介蜱虫分布的州中的 30 个州（73.2%的州）中至少有一种病原体被检测到。蜱传疾病的预防和诊断依赖于公众和卫生保健提供者对人们接触感染蜱虫的风险区域的准确了解。我们的县级病原体分布地图扩展了以前的努力，展示了莱姆病螺旋体的分布情况，并突出了可能需要进一步调查的县。
