Weiss K, Kramár R, Firt P
J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1987 Mar-Apr;28(2):171-5.
Injury to the nervous structures extending through the operative field or in areas adjacent to it constitutes a local complication in surgery of the carotid artery. These lesions may become, after an otherwise well-tolerated reconstruction, the source of severe and, occasionally even permanent, complaints. In a series of 536 operations of the carotid artery, 14.4% of transient and 6% of permanent injuries to some of the distal cranial and cervical nerves occurred. The highest injury rate was observed in the hypoglossal nerve (8.6%), followed by the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (6.2%) and the vagus nerve with its superior and recurrent laryngeal branches (3.7% of cases). Injury to the glossopharyngeal nerve and the greater auricular nerve occurs very rarely. A thorough knowledge of the topographic and anatomical situation combined with a cautious operation technique may lower the frequency of these lesions. That is why the essential data on the anatomy, function and the most frequent causes of injury to the individual nerves sustained during surgery within the trigonum caroticum are presented in this article.
在颈动脉手术中，延伸穿过手术区域或其邻近区域的神经结构损伤属于局部并发症。在原本耐受性良好的重建手术后，这些损伤可能会成为严重甚至偶尔永久性不适的根源。在一系列536例颈动脉手术中，远端颅神经和颈神经出现了14.4%的暂时性损伤以及6%的永久性损伤。舌下神经的损伤率最高（8.6%），其次是面神经下颌缘支（6.2%）以及迷走神经及其喉上支和喉返支（3.7%的病例）。舌咽神经和耳大神经的损伤非常罕见。深入了解局部解剖情况并结合谨慎的手术技巧可降低这些损伤的发生率。因此，本文介绍了颈动脉三角内手术中各神经的解剖结构、功能以及最常见损伤原因的关键数据。
