Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Wisconsin River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2022 Jun 1;100(6). doi: 10.1093/jas/skac184.
The study aimed to assess the effects of vitamin E (VE) supplementation and fat source on fatty acid (FA) composition, VE concentrations, and antioxidant capacity in plasma and tissues of pigs fed to a heavy slaughter weight (150 kg). A total of 64 pigs (32 barrows, 32 gilts; 28.41 ± 0.83 kg) were blocked by sex and weight, and randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments (n = 8 per treatment) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. Fat sources included corn starch (CS), 5% tallow (TW), 5% distiller's corn oil (DCO), and 5% coconut oil (CN); VE supplementation levels were 11 and 200 ppm. Five-phase diets were formulated to meet requirement estimates of NRC (2012) and fed to pigs for each period of 25 kg from 25 to 150 kg. Increasing VE supplementation level increased C16:1 (P < 0.05) content but decreased C20:0 (P < 0.05) content in backfat and belly fat, while in liver, it increased C17:0 (P < 0.05) but decreased C18:0 (P < 0.05). Compared to the pigs fed the CS diet, the pigs fed the CN diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total saturated FA, the pigs fed the DCO diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total polyunsaturated FA content and iodine value, and the pigs fed the TW diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total monounsaturated FA in backfat, belly fat, and liver. Plasma VE concentrations increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing length of feeding but faster (P < 0.05) in the pigs fed the CN and TW diets compared with the CS and DCO diets within the 200 ppm VE level; the pigs fed the DCO diet had the highest plasma VE concentrations (P < 0.05) from Phase 2 to Phase 5 within the 11 ppm VE level. The VE concentrations in liver and loin muscle (P < 0.05) increased with increasing dietary VE level from 11 to 200 ppm, but it was not affected by dietary fat source. There was no effect of VE supplementation and fat source on antioxidant capacity in plasma and liver except that pigs fed the DCO diet had greater liver SOD activity (P < 0.05) than the pigs fed the CN diet. In conclusion, dietary VE supplementation did not affect FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver consistently, while dietary FA composition with different fat sources affected much of the FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver. The higher level of VE supplementation increased liver and muscle VE concentrations and dietary fat sources affected plasma VE concentrations differently (P < 0.05), wherein the TW and CN diets increased the VE absorption greater than the DCO diet.
本研究旨在评估维生素 E（VE）补充剂和脂肪源对达到屠宰体重（150kg）的猪血浆和组织中脂肪酸（FA）组成、VE 浓度和抗氧化能力的影响。总共 64 头猪（32 头公猪，32 头母猪；28.41±0.83kg）按性别和体重分组，然后以 4×2 析因设计随机分配到 8 种日粮处理（8 头猪/处理）之一。脂肪源包括玉米淀粉（CS）、5%牛脂（TW）、5%蒸馏玉米油（DCO）和 5%椰子油（CN）；VE 补充水平分别为 11 和 200ppm。配制了五阶段日粮，以满足 NRC（2012）的需求估计值，并在每个 25kg 阶段从 25kg 喂至 150kg。增加 VE 补充水平增加了背脂和腹脂中 C16:1（P<0.05）的含量，但降低了 C20:0（P<0.05）的含量，而在肝脏中，它增加了 C17:0（P<0.05），但降低了 C18:0（P<0.05）的含量。与 CS 日粮组相比，CN 日粮组的总饱和 FA 含量更高（P<0.05），DCO 日粮组的总多不饱和 FA 含量和碘值更高（P<0.05），TW 日粮组的总单不饱和 FA 含量更高（P<0.05）背脂、腹脂和肝脏。血浆 VE 浓度随饲养时间的延长呈线性增加（P<0.05），但在 200ppm VE 水平下，与 CS 和 DCO 日粮相比，在 CN 和 TW 日粮中增加更快（P<0.05）；在 11ppm VE 水平下，DCO 日粮组的血浆 VE 浓度最高（P<0.05）。在 11-200ppm 日粮 VE 水平下，肝脏和腰肌肉 VE 浓度随日粮 VE 水平的增加而增加（P<0.05），但不受日粮脂肪源的影响。VE 补充和脂肪源对血浆和肝脏的抗氧化能力没有影响，但 DCO 日粮组的肝脏 SOD 活性高于 CN 日粮组（P<0.05）。总之，日粮 VE 补充剂对背脂、腹脂和肝脏中的 FA 组成没有一致的影响，而不同脂肪源的日粮 FA 组成对背脂、腹脂和肝脏中的 FA 组成影响较大。较高水平的 VE 补充剂增加了肝脏和肌肉中的 VE 浓度，而不同的脂肪源影响了血浆中 VE 的浓度（P<0.05），其中 TW 和 CN 日粮比 DCO 日粮增加了 VE 的吸收。
