Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
Department of Animal and Food Science, University of Wisconsin River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2022 Apr 1;100(4). doi: 10.1093/jas/skac081.
The study aimed to assess the effect of vitamin E (VE) supplementation and fat source on growth performance, lean growth, organ size, carcass characteristics, and pork quality of pigs at a heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg. A total of 64 pigs (32 barrows and 32 gilts; 28.41 ± 0.83 kg) were blocked by sex and body weight, and randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments (n = 8 per treatment) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with main effects of fat source (corn starch [CS; no fat added], 5% tallow [TW], 5% distiller's corn oil [DCO], and 5% coconut oil [CN]) and VE supplementation level (11 and 200 ppm). Five-phase diets were formulated to meet requirement estimates of NRC and fed to pigs with each period of 25 kg from 25 to 150 kg. Increasing dietary VE supplementation from 11 to 200 ppm tended to increase average daily gain (ADG) in phase 5 (P = 0.08), and gain to feed ratio (G/F) in phase 4 (P = 0.06) and phase 5 (P = 0.06) resulting in increased G/F in the overall period (P = 0.10). Compared with the pigs fed the CS diet in the overall period, the pigs fed DCO diets had greater ADG (P < 0.05), the pigs fed the TW and CN diets had lower average daily feed intake (P < 0.05), and the pigs fed the fat-added diets had greater G/F (P < 0.05). Belly firmness was greatest in the pigs fed the CN diet and lowest in those fed the DCO diet (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary VE level from 11 to 200 ppm increased absolute and relative liver weight, absolute ham yield (P < 0.05), and tended to increase the relative yield of picnic shoulder (P = 0.07) and ham (P = 0.06) and the pigs fed the corn oil diet tended to have greater belly yield (P = 0.08) than the other fat treatments. Increasing dietary VE level increased 45-min pH and ΔpH at slaughter but decreased a* value, chroma (P < 0.10), and belly depth (P < 0.05). However, no effects of VE supplementation and fat source were observed on the other carcass traits and meat quality measurements. In conclusion, increasing dietary VE level from 11 to 200 ppm slightly increased growth rate and feed efficiency in the late finishing periods, and the addition of fat increased feed efficiency and backfat thickness, decreased lean content, and altered belly firmness. While there were some effects of VE supplementation and fat source observed on organ weight, primal cuts, carcass traits, and meat quality, there was no strong evidence that VE supplementation and fat source materially affected these measurements except for belly firmness.
本研究旨在评估维生素 E (VE) 补充剂和脂肪源对 150 公斤重屠宰体重猪的生长性能、瘦肉生长、器官大小、胴体特性和猪肉质量的影响。总共 64 头猪（32 头公猪和 32 头母猪；28.41±0.83 公斤）按性别和体重分组，然后按 4×2 因子设计，随机分配到 8 种日粮处理（每种处理 8 头猪），主效为脂肪源（玉米淀粉[CS；未添加脂肪]、5%牛脂[TW]、5%蒸馏玉米油[DCO]和 5%椰子油[CN]）和 VE 补充水平（11 和 200 ppm）。配制五阶段日粮，以满足 NRC 的需求估计，并在 25 至 150 公斤阶段期间，每 25 公斤体重给每头猪喂食一个阶段。从 11 至 200 ppm 增加日粮 VE 补充剂水平，第 5 阶段的平均日增重（ADG）呈增加趋势（P=0.08），第 4 阶段（P=0.06）和第 5 阶段（P=0.06）的增重与采食量比值（G/F）增加，导致整个阶段的 G/F 增加（P=0.10）。与整个阶段喂 CS 日粮的猪相比，喂 DCO 日粮的猪 ADG 更高（P<0.05），喂 TW 和 CN 日粮的猪平均日采食量更低（P<0.05），喂添加脂肪的日粮的猪 G/F 更高（P<0.05）。喂 CN 日粮的猪的腹部硬度最大，喂 DCO 日粮的猪的腹部硬度最低（P<0.05）。从 11 至 200 ppm 增加日粮 VE 水平，增加了绝对和相对肝脏重量、绝对火腿产量（P<0.05），并趋于增加野餐肩（P=0.07）和火腿（P=0.06）的相对产量，并且喂玉米油日粮的猪的腹部产量倾向于高于其他脂肪处理（P=0.08）。从 11 至 200 ppm 增加日粮 VE 水平增加了屠宰时的 45 分钟 pH 和ΔpH，但降低了 a*值、色值（P<0.10）和腹部深度（P<0.05）。然而，VE 补充剂和脂肪源对其他胴体特性和肉质测量没有影响。总之，从 11 至 200 ppm 增加日粮 VE 水平略微提高了后期育肥阶段的生长速度和饲料效率，添加脂肪提高了饲料效率和背膘厚度，降低了瘦肉含量，并改变了腹部硬度。尽管 VE 补充剂和脂肪源对器官重量、胴体切块、胴体特性和肉质有一些影响，但没有强有力的证据表明 VE 补充剂和脂肪源除了腹部硬度外，对这些测量值有实质性影响。
