Assistant Professor, Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Saint-Jérome, Québec, Canada.
Res Theory Nurs Pract. 2022 Apr 1;36(2):119-138. doi: 10.1891/RTNP-2021-0014.
Methodological approaches that draw on critical perspectives (critical ethnography, critical phenomenology, and critical grounded theory) share common concepts, including social justice, reflexivity, positionality, pragmatism and social transformation. These approaches differ from conventional phenomenology, ethnography and grounded theory despite sharing common methodological grounds. In this article, we will outline the major contributions of critical theory, as a research paradigm, to the development and evolution of qualitative methodologies. In particular, we will discuss their application to nursing research. The historical and conceptual underpinnings of these critical methodologies will first be described to highlight their paradigmatic characteristics and implications for nursing. Although not yet widely employed in nursing research, critical qualitative methodologies are particularly well suited to the discipline as they shed light on issues of power, social control, and marginalization among the vulnerable populations with whom nurses practise on a daily basis. The use of critical approaches can expose the epistemic injustice and social and health inequality that continue to prevail in our society.
方法学途径借鉴了批判观点（批判民族志、批判现象学和批判扎根理论），这些途径共享包括社会正义、反思性、定位、实用主义和社会变革在内的共同概念。这些方法与传统的现象学、民族志和扎根理论不同，尽管它们有着共同的方法论基础。在本文中，我们将概述批判理论作为一种研究范式，对定性方法的发展和演变的主要贡献。特别是，我们将讨论它们在护理研究中的应用。这些批判方法的历史和概念基础将首先被描述，以突出它们的范式特征和对护理的影响。虽然在护理研究中尚未广泛应用，但批判的定性方法特别适合该学科，因为它们揭示了权力、社会控制和边缘化等问题，这些问题是护士在日常实践中与弱势群体有关的问题。批判方法的使用可以暴露我们社会中仍然存在的认识不公正和社会与健康不平等现象。
