Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 May 18;22(1):669. doi: 10.1186/s12913-022-08070-7.
This systematic literature review aims to demonstrate how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is currently used in emergency departments (ED) and how it alters the work design of ED clinicians. AI is still new and unknown to many healthcare professionals in emergency care, leading to unfamiliarity with its capabilities.
Various criteria were used to establish the suitability of the articles to answer the research question. This study was based on 34 selected peer-reviewed papers on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Emergency Department (ED), published in the last five years. Drawing on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, all articles were scanned, read full-text, and analyzed afterward.
The majority of the AI applications consisted of AI-based tools to aid with clinical decisions and to relieve overcrowded EDs of their burden. AI support was mostly offered during triage, the moment that sets the patient trajectory. There is ample evidence that AI-based applications could improve the clinical decision-making process.
The use of AI in EDs is still in its nascent stages. Many studies focus on the question of whether AI has clinical utility, such as decision support, improving resource allocation, reducing diagnostic errors, and promoting proactivity. Some studies suggest that AI-based tools essentially have the ability to outperform human skills. However, it is evident from the literature that current technology does not have the aims or power to do so. Nevertheless, AI-based tools can impact clinician work design in the ED by providing support with clinical decisions, which could ultimately help alleviate a portion of the increasing clinical burden.
本系统文献综述旨在展示人工智能（AI）目前在急诊科（ED）中的应用方式，以及它如何改变 ED 临床医生的工作设计。AI 对许多急诊医疗保健专业人员来说仍然是陌生的，因此他们对其功能不熟悉。
使用了各种标准来确定文章对回答研究问题的适用性。这项研究基于过去五年中在急诊部使用人工智能（AI）的 34 篇经过同行评审的精选论文，这些论文都符合要求。参考系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，所有文章都经过扫描、全文阅读和分析。
大多数 AI 应用程序由 AI 支持的工具组成，用于辅助临床决策和减轻 ED 的负担。AI 支持主要在分诊时提供，分诊决定了患者的轨迹。有充分的证据表明，基于 AI 的应用程序可以改善临床决策过程。
AI 在 ED 中的使用仍处于起步阶段。许多研究都集中在 AI 是否具有临床实用性的问题上，例如决策支持、改善资源分配、减少诊断错误和促进主动性。一些研究表明，基于 AI 的工具在本质上具有超越人类技能的能力。然而，从文献中可以明显看出，当前的技术没有达到这一目标或能力。尽管如此，基于 AI 的工具可以通过提供临床决策支持来影响 ED 中的临床医生工作设计，这最终可能有助于减轻不断增加的临床负担的一部分。
