Voges Mona M, Quittkat Hannah L, Schöne Benjamin, Vocks Silja
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.
Department of Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2022 May 2;13:853398. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.853398. eCollection 2022.
Eating disorders affect women more than men. Women reportedly dislike their body shape more and appreciate it less than do men. One factor influencing body image might be the application of different standards for oneself than for other people when evaluating bodies. To investigate this possibility, we determined whether the application of double standards is different between men and women. We presented 57 women and 54 men (aged 18-30 and of average weight) with pictures of their own bodies and pictures of average weight, overweight, and "ideal" bodies attached to the participants' own face and to another person's face. Participants were instructed to evaluate their emotional reaction to the pictures and then rate the various pictures on aspects of attractiveness, body fat, and muscle mass. The degree of the double standard was defined as the difference between ratings of what appeared to be one's own body and what appeared to be someone else's according to the presented face. The analyses revealed, firstly, that both genders applied self-deprecating double standards when viewing overweight and average-weight bodies. Women, but not men, also showed self-deprecating double standards when viewing the ideal body and their own body. By contrast, men applied fewer double standards when viewing the ideal body and self-enhancing double standards when viewing their own body. The study suggests that young, average-weight men are more or less satisfied with their own bodies, whereas young, average-weight women tend to apply a stricter standard for themselves than for others, thus devaluing their own bodies. This vulnerability to body image is hypothesized as contributing to the prevalence of eating disorders in women.
饮食失调对女性的影响比对男性的影响更大。据报道，女性比男性更不喜欢自己的体型，对其欣赏程度也更低。影响身体形象的一个因素可能是在评估身体时对自己和对他人应用了不同的标准。为了探究这种可能性，我们确定了男女在双重标准的应用上是否存在差异。我们向57名女性和54名男性（年龄在18至30岁之间，体重平均）展示了他们自己身体的图片，以及与参与者自己的脸和另一个人的脸相连的平均体重、超重和“理想”身体的图片。参与者被要求评估他们对图片的情绪反应，然后对各种图片在吸引力、体脂和肌肉量方面进行评分。双重标准的程度被定义为根据所呈现的面孔，对看似自己的身体和看似他人的身体的评分之间的差异。分析首先表明，在看待超重和平均体重的身体时，男女都应用了自我贬低的双重标准。在看待理想身材和自己的身材时，女性（而非男性）也表现出自我贬低的双重标准。相比之下，男性在看待理想身材时应用的双重标准较少，而在看待自己的身材时应用的是自我提升的双重标准。该研究表明，年轻的、体重平均的男性对自己的身体或多或少感到满意，而年轻的、体重平均的女性往往对自己应用比对他人更严格的标准，从而贬低自己的身体。这种对身体形象的易感性被假设为导致女性饮食失调患病率高的一个因素。
