da Silva Simone Santana, Fortuna Cinira Magali, Monceau Gilles, Soulière Marguerite, Pilotti Anne
Department of Ed2ucation, State of Bahia University, Senhor do Bonfim, Brazil.
Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Universityof São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Front Psychol. 2022 May 2;13:862431. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.862431. eCollection 2022.
Elements mark the reality of reading the female body in symbolic constructions and social symbols in the exercise of their reproductive health. The study aims to identify elements that characterize the female condition while analyzing the reproductive health of Brazilian and French women.
A qualitative, multicenter, international study was conducted in Brazil and in France between 2016 and 2019. Data were produced through the use of semi-structured scripts. Focus group discussions and individual interviews were conducted with women who gave birth, hetero-female couples who lived the experience of gestation and birth of a baby, and professionals of maternal and childcare services or members of the associations concerned with the health of mothers and babies. It was guided by the theoretical-methodological framework of institutional analysis in line with the French Institutional Socioclinics.
Sexual and reproductive health in the realities researched in Brazil and France are sometimes close and sometimes far apart. In what involves the Brazilian health system, abortion is criminalized and often performed illegally. Furthermore, pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period are highly medicalized. In addition, childbirth is not assured as an experience for a woman and her family. This aspect is confirmed by high numbers of cesarean sections performed or by maternal and infant mortality indicators. The French health system prioritizes vaginal deliveries and seems to assure more autonomy to women, but at the same time, it is worn out by the logic of profit, the efficiency of actions, and the rationalization of practices. In association with these, there are other intrinsic elements in the functioning of the institution that delineates the format of each country: notion of women's rights, violence against women, and discussion regarding the oppression markers of race, gender, sexuality, and social class.
Both countries reveal aspects related to the social role of women's bodies. The established logic reflects in the decision to have children, motherhood, women's autonomy over their own bodies, and in the core values linked to the termination of pregnancy and the professional practices developed in prenatal care, childbirth, and postpartum.
在生殖健康实践中，各种因素标志着在象征结构和社会符号中解读女性身体的现实情况。本研究旨在通过分析巴西和法国女性的生殖健康状况，找出表征女性状况的因素。
2016年至2019年期间，在巴西和法国开展了一项定性、多中心的国际研究。通过使用半结构化脚本收集数据。对分娩女性、经历过怀孕和分娩的异性恋女性伴侣，以及母婴护理服务专业人员或关注母婴健康的协会成员进行了焦点小组讨论和个人访谈。该研究以符合法国制度社会临床学的制度分析理论方法框架为指导。
在巴西和法国所研究的现实情况中，性健康和生殖健康有时相近，有时相去甚远。在巴西卫生系统方面，堕胎被定为犯罪行为，且常常非法进行。此外，怀孕、分娩和产后阶段都高度医疗化。另外，分娩对女性及其家庭而言并非确定无疑的体验。剖宫产的高实施率以及母婴死亡率指标证实了这一点。法国卫生系统优先考虑顺产，似乎给予女性更多自主权，但与此同时，它也受到利润逻辑、行动效率和实践合理化的影响。与此相关的是，该制度运作中还有其他内在因素描绘了每个国家的模式：妇女权利观念、对妇女的暴力行为，以及关于种族、性别、性取向和社会阶层压迫标志的讨论。
两国都揭示了与女性身体社会角色相关的方面。既定逻辑反映在生育决定、母亲身份、女性对自身身体的自主权，以及与终止妊娠相关的核心价值观和产前护理、分娩及产后所开展的专业实践中。
