Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Health Sciences Department of Nursing, Samsun, Turkey.
Omega (Westport). 2023 Jun;87(2):649-664. doi: 10.1177/00302228221103105. Epub 2022 May 19.
AIM: The study aims to investigate the effect of the level of fear experienced by individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic on their application to health institutions. METHOD: This descriptive study was conducted between July and September 2020 with the participants who met the inclusion criteria in Turkey. When the mean COVID-19 Fear Scale score was considered and the standard deviation values were taken as 18.83 ± 6.01, the sample size was determined as 98 individuals, with 95% confidence level, 90% test power, and 0.331 effect size. With the snowball sampling method, the study was carried out with 577 people who filled out the Google form. The Personal Information Form and the COVID-19 Fear Scale were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20.0. Descriptive statistics, correlation, Mann-Whitney U (U), and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to analyze the data. Ethics committee approval was obtained prior to the study. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 32.06 ± 11.25 (min 18-max 71); 77.8% were female; 66% were university graduates, and 54.9% were single. The total mean score of the participants from the COVID-19 Fear Scale was determined as 16.84 ± 5.68 (min 7-max 34), which points to moderate level of fear. The COVID-19 Fear Scale scores of the female participants, the participants with high income, and those living with their families were found to be higher ( < 0.05). The COVID-19 Fear Scale scores were found to be higher in those who sleep less than 7 hours a day, who have a psychological disorder, who applied to health institutions during the coronavirus process, and who postponed their application to health institutions in an emergency due to the fear of infection ( < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It has been determined that during the coronavirus process, 21.5% of individuals attend in person to health institutions and 40.7% of individuals attend in person to health institutions in emergencies. It was found that the level of fear was higher in the participants who applied to health institutions during the pandemic. The participants who postponed their application to health institutions in emergencies due to the fear of infection were found to have higher levels of fear.
目的：本研究旨在探讨个体在 COVID-19 大流行期间经历的恐惧程度对其向医疗机构就诊的影响。
方法：这是一项描述性研究，于 2020 年 7 月至 9 月在符合纳入标准的土耳其参与者中进行。当考虑 COVID-19 恐惧量表的平均得分和标准差为 18.83 ± 6.01 时，样本量确定为 98 人，置信水平为 95%，检验效能为 90%，效应大小为 0.331。采用雪球抽样法，对 577 名填写谷歌表格的人进行了研究。个人信息表和 COVID-19 恐惧量表被用作数据收集工具。使用 SPSS 20.0 进行数据分析。采用描述性统计、相关性、Mann-Whitney U（U）检验和 Kruskal-Wallis 检验对数据进行分析。在研究之前获得了伦理委员会的批准。
结果：参与者的平均年龄为 32.06 ± 11.25（最小 18 岁，最大 71 岁）；77.8%为女性；66%为大学毕业生，54.9%为单身。参与者的 COVID-19 恐惧量表总平均分确定为 16.84 ± 5.68（最小 7 分，最大 34 分），表明处于中等恐惧水平。女性参与者、高收入参与者以及与家人同住的参与者的 COVID-19 恐惧量表评分较高（<0.05）。每天睡眠时间少于 7 小时、有心理障碍、在冠状病毒期间就诊以及因担心感染而推迟紧急情况下就诊的参与者的 COVID-19 恐惧量表评分较高（<0.05）。
结论：在冠状病毒期间，21.5%的个体亲自前往医疗机构就诊，40.7%的个体在紧急情况下亲自前往医疗机构就诊。研究发现，在大流行期间前往医疗机构就诊的参与者恐惧程度更高。由于担心感染而推迟紧急情况下前往医疗机构就诊的参与者恐惧程度更高。
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