PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2022 Oct;34(5):229-239. doi: 10.1017/neu.2022.15. Epub 2022 May 19.
The multiplicity and complexity of the neuronal connections in the central nervous system make it difficult to disentangle circuits that play an essential role in the development or treatment of (neuro)psychiatric disorders. By choosing the evolutionary development of the forebrain as a starting point, a certain order in the connections can be created. The dorsal diencephalic connection (DDC) system can be applied for the development of biomarkers that can predict treatment response.
After providing a brief introduction to the theory, we examined neuroanatomical publications on the connectivity of the DDC system. We then searched for neurochemical components that are specific for the habenula.
The best strategy to find biomarkers that reflect the function of the habenular connection is to use genetic variants of receptors, transporters or enzymes specific to this complex. By activating these with probes and measuring the response in people with different functional genotypes, the usefulness of biomarkers can be assessed.
The most promising biomarkers in this respect are those linked to activation or inhibition of the nicotine receptor, dopamine D4 receptor, μ-opioid receptor and also those of the functioning of habenular glia cells (astrocytes and microglia).
中枢神经系统中神经元连接的多样性和复杂性使得难以理清在（神经）精神疾病的发展或治疗中起关键作用的回路。通过选择前脑的进化发展作为起点，可以创建连接的某种顺序。背侧间脑连接（DDC）系统可用于开发可预测治疗反应的生物标志物。
在简要介绍理论之后，我们检查了有关 DDC 系统连接的神经解剖学出版物。然后，我们寻找特定于缰核的神经化学成分。
找到反映缰核连接功能的生物标志物的最佳策略是使用特定于该复杂结构的受体、转运体或酶的遗传变异体。通过用探针激活这些物质并测量具有不同功能基因型的人的反应，可以评估生物标志物的有用性。
在这方面最有前途的生物标志物是那些与烟碱受体、多巴胺 D4 受体、μ-阿片受体的激活或抑制相关的生物标志物，以及缰核神经胶质细胞（星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞）功能的生物标志物。
