Singh Aditi, Khan Heena, Grewal Amarjot Kaur, Dua Kamal, Singh Sachin Kumar, Singh Thakur Gurjeet
Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2025;24(9):652-668. doi: 10.2174/0118715273377530250408212447.
Opioid addiction is a condition of the central nervous system that occurs as a result of using opiate-based substances, which can be either natural or synthetic chemicals. These have effects identical to those of morphine and work by interacting with opioid receptors such as morphine, heroin, opium, buprenorphine, and Oxycontin. Dopamine has been suggested to play a role in the mechanisms linked to opioid addiction. Additionally, neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, glutamate, and GABA may also have a significant impact. These processes play a critical role in the formation of brain circuits that are involved in the development of addictive behavior. The PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway is widely recognized as an essential regulator of the effects induced by neurotransmitters on synaptic plasticity, protein synthesis, and cellular responses. This interplay has considerable importance in the development and persistence of opioid addiction, impacting several domains, including reward processing, stress reactivity, and brain plasticity. The understanding of these neurochemical modifications provides vital insights into the underlying mechanisms of addiction and presents potential pathways for treatments. The review enlisted the clinical trials of different types of opioid addiction or dependence. The review offers a succinct summary of many studies that establish a correlation between the PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway and various receptors implicated in multiple forms of opioid-related dependency.
阿片类药物成瘾是一种中枢神经系统疾病，它是由于使用基于阿片的物质而发生的，这些物质可以是天然的或合成的化学物质。它们具有与吗啡相同的作用，并通过与阿片受体相互作用而起作用，如吗啡、海洛因、鸦片、丁丙诺啡和奥施康定。多巴胺被认为在与阿片类药物成瘾相关的机制中起作用。此外，血清素、去甲肾上腺素、谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸等神经递质也可能有重大影响。这些过程在参与成瘾行为发展的脑回路形成中起关键作用。PI3K-Akt-mTOR通路被广泛认为是神经递质对突触可塑性、蛋白质合成和细胞反应所诱导效应的重要调节因子。这种相互作用在阿片类药物成瘾的发展和持续中具有相当重要的意义，影响多个领域，包括奖赏处理、应激反应性和脑可塑性。对这些神经化学修饰的理解为成瘾的潜在机制提供了重要见解，并为治疗提供了潜在途径。该综述列举了不同类型阿片类药物成瘾或依赖的临床试验。该综述简要总结了许多研究，这些研究建立了PI3K/Akt-mTOR信号通路与多种形式阿片类药物相关依赖中涉及的各种受体之间的相关性。
