Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2022 Jul 1;98(7). doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiac060.
The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections has ushered in a major global public health crisis. Judicious or restricted antimicrobial use in animal agriculture, aiming to confine the use for the treatment of infections, is the most commonly proposed solution to reduce selection pressure for resistant bacterial strains and resistance genes. However, a multifaceted solution will likely be required to make acceptable progress in reducing antimicrobial resistance, due to other common environmental conditions maintaining antimicrobial resistance and limited executionary potential as human healthcare and agriculture will continue to rely heavily on antimicrobials in the foreseeable future. Drawing parallels from systematic approaches to the management of infectious disease agents and biodiversity loss, we provide examples that a more comprehensive approach is required, targeting antimicrobial resistance in agroecosystems on multiple fronts simultaneously. We present one such framework, based on nested biological units of antimicrobial resistance, and describe established or innovative strategies targeting units. Some of the proposed strategies are already in use or ready to be implemented, while some require further research and discussion among scientists and policymakers. We envision that antimicrobial resistance mitigation strategies for animal agriculture combining multiple tools would constitute powerful ecosystem-level interventions necessary to mitigate antimicrobial resistance.
抗菌药物耐药细菌感染的日益流行，引发了重大的全球公共卫生危机。在动物农业中合理或限制使用抗菌药物，旨在将其用途限于治疗感染，是减少耐药菌株和耐药基因选择压力的最常提出的解决方案。然而，由于其他常见的环境条件维持着抗菌药物的耐药性，并且由于人类医疗保健和农业在可预见的未来仍将严重依赖抗菌药物，因此，执行潜力有限，要在减少抗菌药物耐药性方面取得可接受的进展，可能需要采取多方面的解决方案。借鉴管理传染病病原体和生物多样性丧失的系统方法，我们提供了一些例子，表明需要采取更全面的方法，同时针对农业生态系统中的抗菌药物耐药性采取多方面的措施。我们提出了一个这样的框架，基于抗菌药物耐药性的嵌套生物单元，并描述了针对这些单元的既定或创新策略。其中一些提议的策略已经在使用或准备实施，而有些则需要科学家和政策制定者之间进一步的研究和讨论。我们设想，动物农业中结合多种工具的抗菌药物耐药性缓解策略，将构成缓解抗菌药物耐药性所需的强大的生态系统层面干预措施。
