MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 May 20;71(20):680-685. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7120a2.
Alzheimer disease,* the most common cause of dementia, affects an estimated 6.5 million persons aged ≥65 years in the United States (1). A growing body of evidence has identified potential modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) (1-3). In 2021, the National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease (National Plan) introduced a new goal to "accelerate action to promote healthy aging and reduce risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias" to help delay onset or slow the progression of ADRD (3). To assess the status of eight potential modifiable risk factors (i.e., high blood pressure, not meeting the aerobic physical activity guideline, obesity, diabetes, depression, current cigarette smoking, hearing loss, and binge drinking), investigators analyzed data from the cognitive decline module that was administered to adults aged ≥45 years in 31 states and the District of Columbia (DC) in the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Among the risk factors, prevalence was highest for high blood pressure (49.9%) and lowest for binge drinking (10.3%) and varied by selected demographic characteristics. Adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), an early indicator of possible future ADRD (4), were more likely to report four or more risk factors than were those without SCD (34.3% versus 13.1%). Prevalence of SCD was 11.3% overall and increased from 3.9% among adults with no risk factors to 25.0% among those with four or more risk factors. Implementing evidence-based strategies to address modifiable risk factors can help achieve the National Plan's new goal to reduce risk for ADRD while promoting health aging.*.
阿尔茨海默病是痴呆症最常见的病因，估计影响美国 65 岁及以上人群 650 万人（1）。越来越多的证据已经确定了阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症（ADRD）的潜在可改变危险因素（1-3）。2021 年，《国家阿尔茨海默病计划》（National Plan）提出了一个新目标，即“加速采取行动促进健康老龄化和减少阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症的危险因素”，以帮助延缓 ADRD 的发病或减缓其进展（3）。为了评估 8 种潜在可改变危险因素（即高血压、未达到有氧运动指南、肥胖、糖尿病、抑郁、当前吸烟、听力损失和狂饮）的状况，研究人员分析了在 2019 年行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）调查中对 31 个州和哥伦比亚特区（DC）的≥45 岁成年人进行的认知衰退模块的数据。在所研究的危险因素中，高血压的患病率最高（49.9%），狂饮的患病率最低（10.3%），且因某些人口统计学特征而异。有主观认知下降（SCD）的成年人（一种可能未来发生 ADRD 的早期指标（4））比没有 SCD 的成年人更有可能报告有四个或更多的危险因素（34.3%对 13.1%）。SCD 的总体患病率为 11.3%，从无危险因素的成年人的 3.9%增加到有四个或更多危险因素的成年人的 25.0%。实施基于证据的策略来解决可改变的危险因素可以帮助实现 National Plan 减少 ADRD 风险的新目标，同时促进健康老龄化。
