A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences (S.J., M.K., J.P.L.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio.
Institute of Clinical Medicine (M.H.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2022 Jul;42(7):811-818. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.121.316237. Epub 2022 May 19.
Smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells have a remarkable level of plasticity in vascular pathologies. In thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms, smooth muscle cells have been suggested to undergo phenotypic switching and to contribute to degradation of the aortic wall structure in response to, for example, inflammatory mediators, dysregulation of growth factor signaling or oxidative stress. Recently, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and a clonal expansion of degradative smooth muscle cells and immune cells, as well as mesenchymal stem-like cells have been suggested to contribute to the progression of aortic aneurysms. What are the factors driving the aortic cell phenotype changes and how vascular flow, known to affect aortic wall structure and to be altered in aortic aneurysms, could affect aortic cell remodeling? In this review, we summarize the current literature on aortic cell heterogeneity and phenotypic switching in relation to changes in vascular flow and aortic wall structure in aortic aneurysms in clinical samples with special focus on smooth muscle and endothelial cells. The differences between thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms are discussed.
平滑肌细胞和内皮细胞在血管病变中具有显著的可塑性。在胸主动脉和腹主动脉瘤中，平滑肌细胞被认为经历表型转换，并响应例如炎症介质、生长因子信号转导失调或氧化应激，有助于降解主动脉壁结构。最近，内皮细胞向间充质转化，以及降解的平滑肌细胞和免疫细胞的克隆性扩张，以及间充质干细胞样细胞被认为有助于主动脉瘤的进展。是什么因素驱动主动脉细胞表型变化，以及已知影响主动脉壁结构并在主动脉瘤中发生改变的血管血流如何影响主动脉细胞重塑？在这篇综述中，我们总结了与临床样本中胸主动脉瘤和腹主动脉瘤中血管血流和主动脉壁结构变化相关的主动脉细胞异质性和表型转换的当前文献，特别关注平滑肌细胞和内皮细胞。还讨论了胸主动脉瘤和腹主动脉瘤之间的差异。
