Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Head of Scientific Research and Publication Department, Vice Deanship of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
PLoS One. 2022 May 19;17(5):e0268772. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268772. eCollection 2022.
The available data to determine the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) burden in Saudi Arabia are scarce. Therefore, this study closely examines and tracks the trends of the COPD burden in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2019 using the dataset of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019.
This study used the GBD 2019 dataset to analyse the COPD prevalence, incidence, morbidity and mortality rates in the Saudi Arabian population from 1990 to 2019, stratified by sex and age. The age-standardised rate was used to determine the prevalence, incidence, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths.
In 2019, an estimated 434,560.64 people (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI) 396,011.72-473,596.71) had COPD in Saudi Arabia, corresponding to an increase of 329.82% compared with the number of diagnosed people in 1990 [101,104.05 (95% UI 91,334.4-111,223.91)]. The prevalence rate of COPD increased by 49%, from 1,381.26 (1,285.35-1,484.96) cases per 100,000 in 1990 to 2,053.04 (1918.06-2194.29) cases per 100,000 in 2019, and this trend was higher in males than females. The incidence rate of COPD in 2019 was 145.06 (136.62-154.76) new cases per 100,000, representing an increase of 43.4% from the 1990 incidence rate [101.18 (95.27-107.86)]. In 2019, the DALYs rate was 508.15 (95% UI 434.85-581.58) per 100,000 population. This was higher in males than females, with a 14.12% increase among males. In 2019, YLLs contributed to 63.6% of DALYs due to COPD. The death rate due to COPD was 19.6 (95% UI 15.94-23.39) deaths per 100 000 in 2019, indicating a decrease of 41.44% compared with the death rate in 1990 [33.55 deaths per 100 000 (95% UI 25.13-47.69)]. In 2019, COPD deaths accounted for 1.65% (1.39-1.88) of the total of deaths in Saudi Arabia and 57% of all deaths caused by chronic respiratory diseases.
Over the period 1990-2019, the prevalence and incidence of COPD in Saudi Arabia have been steadily rising. Even though COPD morbidity and death rates have been decreasing, they remain higher in men and older age. The holistic assessment and interventions with careful attention to optimising the community-based primary care management, such as screening for early diagnosis, smoking cessation programs and pulmonary rehabilitation, are likely to be the most successful strategies to reduce the burden of COPD in Saudi Arabia.
目前，用于确定沙特阿拉伯地区慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）负担的数据有限。因此，本研究利用 2019 年全球疾病负担（GBD）研究的数据，对 1990 年至 2019 年期间沙特阿拉伯 COPD 负担的趋势进行了深入研究。
本研究使用 2019 年 GBD 数据，按性别和年龄对沙特阿拉伯人群的 COPD 患病率、发病率、发病率和死亡率进行了分析。使用年龄标准化率来确定患病率、发病率、生命损失年数（YLL）、失能生命年数（YLD）、残疾调整生命年数（DALY）和死亡人数。
2019 年，沙特阿拉伯有 434560.64 人（95%不确定区间[UI]396011.72-473596.71）患有 COPD，与 1990 年诊断出的人数相比，增加了 329.82%[101104.05（95%UI 91334.4-111223.91）]。COPD 的患病率增加了 49%，从 1990 年的每 100000 人 1381.26 例（1285.35-1484.96）上升到 2019 年的每 100000 人 2053.04 例（1918.06-2194.29），这一趋势在男性中比女性更为明显。2019 年 COPD 的发病率为每 100000 人 145.06 例（136.62-154.76）新发病例，比 1990 年的发病率增加了 43.4%[101.18（95.27-107.86）]。2019 年，DALY 率为每 100000 人 508.15（95%UI 434.85-581.58）。男性的这一比率高于女性，男性增加了 14.12%。2019 年，由于 COPD，YLL 占 DALY 的 63.6%。2019 年，由于 COPD 导致的死亡率为每 100000 人 19.6（95%UI 15.94-23.39），与 1990 年相比下降了 41.44%[33.55 人/每 100000 人（95%UI 25.13-47.69）]。2019 年，由于 COPD 导致的死亡占沙特阿拉伯总死亡人数的 1.65%（1.39-1.88），占所有慢性呼吸道疾病死亡人数的 57%。
1990 年至 2019 年期间，沙特阿拉伯的 COPD 患病率和发病率一直在稳步上升。尽管 COPD 的发病率和死亡率一直在下降，但在男性和老年人中仍较高。全面评估并采取干预措施，密切关注优化基于社区的初级保健管理，如早期诊断筛查、戒烟计划和肺康复等，可能是减轻沙特阿拉伯 COPD 负担的最成功策略。
