Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Environ Int. 2022 Jul;165:107288. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107288. Epub 2022 May 11.
Phthalates are used as plasticizers in many products used in daily life worldwide. Due to industrial and economic developments, exposure among general population to phthalates may vary geographically and temporally. However, studies are lacking for investigating temporal changes in phthalate exposure in the Japanese population. In the present study, the temporal trends in exposure to various phthalates were assessed among a group of Japanese adult female population over 1993-2016 and derived associated risks. For this purpose, urine samples of healthy Japanese females in Kyoto, Japan (N = 132) collected in 1993, 2000, 2003, 2009, 2011, and 2016, were employed and measured for the concentrations of 18 phthalate metabolites. Over this period, the detection rates of mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) and monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP) decreased, and the geometric means of the urinary concentrations of mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) showed a significant decreasing trend. Cumulative risk due to exposure to dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) showed a dramatic decrease only between 1993 and 2000. The maximum hazard quotient (HQ) was attributed to DEHP in most subjects regardless of sampling year. This study showed the temporal trend of the exposure of Japanese females to several phthalate esters over two decades. As of the late 2010's, DEHP was still the predominant component of phthalate ester exposure in the population. The HI value, however, indicates that direct risk due to phthalate exposure was unlikely among the studied population.
邻苯二甲酸酯作为增塑剂被广泛应用于全球日常生活中的众多产品中。由于工业和经济的发展，一般人群接触邻苯二甲酸酯的情况在地域和时间上可能存在差异。然而，目前还缺乏研究来调查日本人群中邻苯二甲酸酯暴露的时间变化。在本研究中，评估了 1993 年至 2016 年间日本成年女性人群中各种邻苯二甲酸酯的暴露时间趋势，并得出了相关风险。为此，本研究使用了来自日本京都的 132 名健康日本女性的尿液样本，这些样本分别于 1993 年、2000 年、2003 年、2009 年、2011 年和 2016 年采集，并测量了 18 种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的浓度。在此期间，单（3-羧基丙基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MCPP）和单异丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（MiBP）的检出率下降，单（2-乙基-5-羧基戊基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MECPP）和单（2-乙基-5-氧代己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MEOHP）的尿浓度几何平均值呈显著下降趋势。仅在 1993 年至 2000 年期间，由于接触邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DiBP）、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯（BBP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）而导致的累积风险急剧下降。在大多数受试者中，最大危害商（HQ）归因于 DEHP，而不论采样年份如何。本研究显示了日本女性在过去二十年中接触几种邻苯二甲酸酯的时间趋势。截至 2010 年代末，DEHP 仍然是人群中邻苯二甲酸酯暴露的主要成分。然而，健康影响指数（HI）值表明，在所研究的人群中，邻苯二甲酸酯暴露直接导致的风险不太可能存在。
