Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, United States.
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, United States.
J Safety Res. 2022 Jun;81:305-312. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.03.007. Epub 2022 Mar 26.
Vehicle technologies have the potential to help address the disproportionate crash risk that teen drivers face. While crash avoidance features benefit the general population, several address crash scenarios for which teen drivers are particularly at risk, such as rear-end and lane-drift crashes. Other emerging technologies have been designed for teen drivers by addressing certain crash or injury risk factors associated with risky driving behavior, such as speeding or not wearing a seat belt.
Using nationwide U.S. crash data from 2016 to 2019, this study examined the maximum potential safety benefits of three currently available crash avoidance features (front crash prevention, lane departure prevention, and blind spot monitoring) and three teen-driver-specific technologies (speeding prevention, extended seatbelt reminders and interlocks, and nighttime curfew violation alerts).
Teen-driver-specific features have the largest potential for reducing teen driver injuries and fatalities, followed by lane departure prevention, front crash prevention, and blind spot monitoring; however, altogether these technologies have the potential to prevent 78% of teen driver fatalities, 47% of injured teen drivers, and 41% of crashes involving teen drivers.
Crash avoidance features and teen-driver-specific vehicle technologies appear to address different risk factors and crash scenarios, which emphasizes the importance of utilizing both types of safety features to reduce the crash risk of teen drivers.
Wider acceptance, accessibility, and use of these technologies are needed for their safety potential to be realized. More manufacturers should offer and advertise teen-driver-specific technology suites that integrate crash avoidance systems and safety features that address risky driving behavior. While this study shows the maximum potential safety benefits of these technologies, further research is needed to understand the behavioral implications as teens learn to drive with these features.
车辆技术有可能帮助解决青少年司机面临的不成比例的碰撞风险。虽然防撞功能使一般人群受益，但有些功能针对的是青少年司机特别容易发生的碰撞情况，如追尾和车道偏离碰撞。其他新兴技术是为青少年司机设计的，针对的是与危险驾驶行为相关的某些碰撞或受伤风险因素，如超速或不系安全带。
本研究使用了 2016 年至 2019 年美国全国范围的碰撞数据，研究了三种目前可用的防撞功能（前碰撞预防、车道偏离预防和盲点监测）和三种青少年司机专用技术（超速预防、延长安全带提醒和互锁、夜间宵禁违规警报）的最大潜在安全效益。
青少年司机专用功能在降低青少年司机受伤和死亡方面的潜力最大，其次是车道偏离预防、前碰撞预防和盲点监测；然而，这些技术总共有可能预防 78%的青少年司机死亡、47%的受伤青少年司机和 41%的涉及青少年司机的碰撞。
防撞功能和青少年司机专用车辆技术似乎针对不同的风险因素和碰撞情况，这强调了利用这两种类型的安全功能来降低青少年司机碰撞风险的重要性。
需要更广泛地接受、获得和使用这些技术，以实现其安全潜力。更多的制造商应该提供和宣传青少年司机专用的技术套件，这些套件集成了防撞系统和针对危险驾驶行为的安全功能。虽然本研究显示了这些技术的最大潜在安全效益，但需要进一步研究，以了解青少年在学习使用这些功能时的行为影响。
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