Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational NeuroEngienering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; The BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
The BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Med. 2021 Aug 13;2(8):912-937. doi: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.05.002. Epub 2021 Jun 2.
Neuroprosthetics is a discipline that aims at restoring lost functions to people affected by a variety of neurological disorders or neurotraumatic lesions. It combines the expertise of computer science and electrical, mechanical, and micro/nanotechnology with cellular, molecular, and systems neuroscience. Rapid breakthroughs in the field during the past decade have brought the hope that neuroprostheses can soon become a clinical reality, in particular-as we will detail in this review-for the restoration of hand functions. We argue that any neuroprosthesis relies on a set of hardware and algorithmic building elements that we call the neurotechnological modules (NTs) used for motor decoding, movement restoration, or sensory feedback. We will show how the modular approach is already present in current neuroprosthetic solutions and how we can further exploit it to imagine the next generation of neuroprosthetics for sensory-motor restoration.
神经修复学旨在为受多种神经紊乱或神经创伤性损伤影响的人们恢复失去的功能。它将计算机科学和电气、机械以及微纳/纳米技术的专业知识与细胞、分子和系统神经科学相结合。过去十年中，该领域的快速突破带来了希望，即神经假体很快就能成为现实，特别是——正如我们在这篇综述中详细讨论的那样——用于恢复手部功能。我们认为，任何神经假体都依赖于一组硬件和算法构建元素，我们称之为用于运动解码、运动恢复或感觉反馈的神经技术模块（NTs）。我们将展示模块化方法如何已经存在于当前的神经假体解决方案中，以及我们如何进一步利用它来想象用于感觉运动恢复的下一代神经假体。
