沙特阿拉伯大学生的零食消费模式：一项横断面研究。
Snacking pattern of college students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Shatwan Israa M, Aljefree Najlaa M, Almoraie Noha M
机构信息
Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 3270, Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
BMC Nutr. 2022 May 19;8(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s40795-022-00544-5.
BACKGROUND
Although unhealthy snack foods are commonly consumed by college students, snacking patterns among college students have not been comprehensively examined in Saudi Arabia. In our study, we aimed to investigate snacking patterns among Saudi college students and to assess sociodemographic data that affect adherence to these snacking patterns.
METHODS
Between January 2021 and March 2021 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, an online survey was conducted with 662 college students from a Saudi university. The survey included sociodemographic questions and a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) regarding the consumption of common snack foods. Snacking patterns were generated from the FFQ using the factor analysis method.
RESULTS
Factor analyses generated seven snacking patterns, which explained 64.5% of the variance in snacking. Students in their early academic years (1-3 years) had a higher score for the convenience snack and fast-food pattern (0.22 ± 0.48 and 0.31 ± 0.52, respectively) than senior students (4-6 years) (P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). Healthy snacks patterns were higher among students at higher income levels (P = 0.006) and active students (P < 0.001) than among students at low- or mid-income levels and inactive students. Higher adherence to the beverages pattern was observed among male students (P = 0.03), active students (P = 0.01), and students with obesity than their counterparts (P = 0.02). The dairy products pattern was higher among male students (P = 0.04), students at higher income levels (P = 0.04), and students with obesity (P = 0.03) than their counterparts.
CONCLUSIONS
Most snacking patterns identified among the study participants were considered unhealthy. Adherence to healthy snacks is influenced by physical activity and family income. These findings may be helpful in the future for developing adequate nutrition education programs that promote health by adhering to healthy snack choices in this critical age group. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to investigate snacking patterns among other age groups in Saudi Arabia.
背景
尽管不健康的休闲食品在大学生中普遍被食用，但沙特阿拉伯尚未对大学生的零食消费模式进行全面研究。在我们的研究中，我们旨在调查沙特大学生的零食消费模式，并评估影响这些零食消费模式依从性的社会人口学数据。
方法
2021年1月至2021年3月期间，在沙特阿拉伯吉达，对一所沙特大学的662名大学生进行了在线调查。该调查包括社会人口学问题以及一份关于常见休闲食品消费情况的简短食物频率问卷（FFQ）。使用因子分析方法从FFQ中得出零食消费模式。
结果
因子分析产生了七种零食消费模式，解释了零食消费差异的64.5%。处于学业早期（1 - 3年）的学生在便利零食和快餐模式上的得分（分别为0.22±0.48和0.31±0.52）高于高年级学生（4 - 6年）（P值分别为0.03和0.04）。高收入水平学生（P = 0.006）和活跃学生（P < 0.001）的健康零食模式得分高于低收入或中等收入水平学生以及不活跃学生。在男学生（P = 0.03）、活跃学生（P = 0.01）和肥胖学生中，对饮料模式的依从性高于其对应人群（P = 0.02）。男学生（P = 0.04）、高收入水平学生（P = 0.04）和肥胖学生（P = 0.03）的乳制品模式得分高于其对应人群。
结论
研究参与者中确定的大多数零食消费模式被认为是不健康的。对健康零食的依从性受身体活动和家庭收入影响。这些发现可能有助于未来制定适当的营养教育计划，通过在这个关键年龄组坚持选择健康零食来促进健康。需要进一步研究来证实这些发现，并调查沙特阿拉伯其他年龄组的零食消费模式。
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