Frost E A
Neurosurgery. 1977 Nov-Dec;1(3):300-6. doi: 10.1227/00006123-197711000-00016.
Respiratory problems occur commonly in association with severe head injury. Seven easily measured parameters for the diagnosis of respiratory insufficiency are outlined. Certain central and peripheral causes of insufficient ventilation are analyzed, including head trauma and drug overdose as central sources and aspiration, pulmonary edema, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, fat embolism, chest trauma and iatrogenic complications as peripheral causes. Establishment of the diagnosis and management of the problems within each category are discussed.
呼吸问题在严重颅脑损伤时很常见。本文概述了用于诊断呼吸功能不全的七个易于测量的参数。分析了通气不足的某些中枢性和外周性原因，包括作为中枢性原因的头部创伤和药物过量，以及作为外周性原因的误吸、肺水肿、弥散性血管内凝血、脂肪栓塞、胸部创伤和医源性并发症。文中还讨论了各类问题的诊断确立及处理方法。
