Diaz-Cánova Diana, Moens Ugo L, Brinkmann Annika, Nitsche Andreas, Okeke Malachy Ifeanyi
Molecular Inflammation Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, WHO Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 and WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Front Microbiol. 2022 May 3;13:868887. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.868887. eCollection 2022.
Orthopoxviruses (OPXVs) not only infect their natural hosts, but some OPXVs can also cause disease in humans. Previously, we partially characterized an OPXV isolated from an 18-year-old male living in Northern Norway. Restriction enzyme analysis and partial genome sequencing characterized this virus as an atypical cowpox virus (CPXV), which we named CPXV-No-H2. In this study, we determined the complete genome sequence of CPXV-No-H2 using Illumina and Nanopore sequencing. Our results showed that the whole CPXV-No-H2 genome is 220,276 base pairs (bp) in length, with inverted terminal repeat regions of approximately 7 kbp, containing 217 predicted genes. Seventeen predicted CPXV-No-H2 proteins were most similar to OPXV proteins from the Old World, including (ECTV) and , and North America, (AKPV). CPXV-No-H2 has a mosaic genome with genes most similar to other OPXV genes, and seven potential recombination events were identified. The phylogenetic analysis showed that CPXV-No-H2 formed a separate clade with the German CPXV isolates CPXV_GerMygEK938_17 and CPXV_Ger2010_MKY, sharing 96.4 and 96.3% nucleotide identity, respectively, and this clade clustered closely with the ECTV-OPXV Abatino clade. CPXV-No-H2 is a mosaic virus that may have arisen out of several recombination events between OPXVs, and its phylogenetic clustering suggests that ECTV-Abatino-like cowpox viruses form a distinct, new clade of cowpox viruses.
正痘病毒（OPXVs）不仅感染其自然宿主，而且一些正痘病毒还可导致人类疾病。此前，我们对从挪威北部一名18岁男性分离出的一种正痘病毒进行了部分特征分析。限制性内切酶分析和部分基因组测序将该病毒鉴定为非典型牛痘病毒（CPXV），我们将其命名为CPXV-No-H2。在本研究中，我们使用Illumina和纳米孔测序确定了CPXV-No-H2的完整基因组序列。我们的结果表明，CPXV-No-H2的整个基因组长度为220,276个碱基对（bp），具有约7 kbp的反向末端重复区域，包含217个预测基因。17个预测的CPXV-No-H2蛋白与来自旧世界的正痘病毒蛋白最为相似，包括（ECTV）和，以及来自北美的（AKPV）。CPXV-No-H2具有镶嵌基因组，其基因与其他正痘病毒基因最为相似，并鉴定出7个潜在的重组事件。系统发育分析表明，CPXV-No-H2与德国CPXV分离株CPXV_GerMygEK938_17和CPXV_Ger2010_MKY形成一个单独的分支，分别共享96.4%和96.3%的核苷酸同一性，并且该分支与ECTV-OPXV阿巴蒂诺分支紧密聚类。CPXV-No-H2是一种镶嵌病毒，可能源于正痘病毒之间的几次重组事件，其系统发育聚类表明，ECTV-阿巴蒂诺样牛痘病毒形成了一个独特的新牛痘病毒分支。
