Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, American University of Nigeria, Yola, Nigeria.
Department of Medical Biology, UIT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024 Mar 6;14:1360586. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1360586. eCollection 2024.
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is the etiological agent of monkeypox (mpox), a zoonotic disease. MPXV is endemic in the forested regions of West and Central Africa, but the virus has recently spread globally, causing outbreaks in multiple non-endemic countries. In this paper, we review the characteristics of the virus, including its ecology, genomics, infection biology, and evolution. We estimate by phylogenomic molecular clock that the B.1 lineage responsible for the 2022 mpox outbreaks has been in circulation since 2016. We interrogate the host-virus interactions that modulate the virus infection biology, signal transduction, pathogenesis, and host immune responses. We highlight the changing pathophysiology and epidemiology of MPXV and summarize recent advances in the prevention and treatment of mpox. In addition, this review identifies knowledge gaps with respect to the virus and the disease, suggests future research directions to address the knowledge gaps, and proposes a One Health approach as an effective strategy to prevent current and future epidemics of mpox.
猴痘病毒（MPXV）是猴痘（mpox）的病原体，猴痘是一种人畜共患疾病。MPXV 在西非和中非的森林地区流行，但该病毒最近已在全球范围内传播，导致多个非流行国家爆发疫情。在本文中，我们回顾了病毒的特征，包括其生态学、基因组学、感染生物学和进化。我们通过系统发育分子钟估计，导致 2022 年猴痘爆发的 B.1 谱系自 2016 年以来一直在传播。我们探讨了调节病毒感染生物学、信号转导、发病机制和宿主免疫反应的宿主-病毒相互作用。我们强调了 MPXV 的不断变化的病理生理学和流行病学，并总结了最近在预防和治疗猴痘方面的进展。此外，本综述确定了关于该病毒和该疾病的知识空白，并提出了未来的研究方向来解决这些知识空白，并提出了一种作为预防当前和未来猴痘流行的有效策略的“同一健康”方法。
