Henly A C, Williams R L
J Human Stress. 1986 Winter;12(4):168-74. doi: 10.1080/0097840X.1986.9936784.
This study compared Type A and Type B individuals' self-reported thoughts and behavioral responses to descriptions of potentially frustrating situations. The Jenkins Activity Survey was first administered to 181 adults to assess their TYpe A tendencies. The Type A scores were then used in forming two groups of 40 extreme Type A's and 40 extreme Type B's. These 80 subjects were subsequently presented with written descriptions of 16 potentially frustrating situations included in the questionnaire "What Pushes Your Button?" and asked to provide two responses to each situation: what they might think if confronted with that situation and what they might actually do in that situation. Their self-reported thoughts and behaviors were classified by independent raters into designated categories. The results showed that Type A individuals' self-reported thoughts reflected significantly more negative than neutral affect and significantly more negative affect than the Type B individuals' thoughts. However, the two groups did not differ significantly in any of the self-reported behavior categories (e.g., nonassertion, aggression, assertion, problem solving, and neutral). Some gender differences were evidenced for the Type A subjects. Women were more inclined than men to report negative affect at the covert level but much less inclined than men to report aggressive responses at the behavioral level.
本研究比较了A型和B型个体对潜在挫折情境描述的自我报告的想法和行为反应。首先对181名成年人进行了詹金斯活动调查，以评估他们的A型倾向。然后根据A型得分将他们分为两组，每组40名极端A型和40名极端B型。随后，向这80名受试者提供了问卷《什么触动了你的按钮？》中包含的16种潜在挫折情境的书面描述，并要求他们对每种情境给出两种反应：如果面对那种情境他们可能会怎么想，以及在那种情境下他们实际可能会怎么做。他们自我报告的想法和行为由独立评分者分类到指定类别中。结果显示，A型个体自我报告的想法所反映的消极情绪显著多于中性情绪，且消极情绪显著多于B型个体的想法。然而，两组在任何自我报告的行为类别（如非 assertiveness、攻击性、assertiveness、解决问题和中性）上均无显著差异。对于A型受试者，存在一些性别差异。女性比男性更倾向于在隐蔽层面报告消极情绪，但比男性更不倾向于在行为层面报告攻击性反应。
