Dua J K
Department of Psychology, University of New England, Australia.
Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr. 1993 Nov;119(4):515-52.
Dua (1989) constructed the Thoughts and Real-Life Experiences Scale (THARL) to assess the degree of positive and negative affect experienced by people as a result of their thoughts and day-to-day experiences. This monograph reports on a number of studies designed to investigate the relationship between negative and positive affect caused by thoughts and day-to-day experiences and psychological health, psychological problems, and physical health. Results showed that a preponderance of self-reported negative affect was related to higher levels of stress, depression, poor psychological well-being, poor psychological health, lower self-esteem and poor self-reported retrospective physical health. A preponderance of negative affect was associated with only one of the two measures of prospective physical health, namely, the number of visits to doctors for medical problems over a period of 4 weeks. Positive affect was not associated with either self-esteem or physical health. Assertiveness and Type A/B behaviors were not associated with either negative or positive affect. Also, of the two measures of negative affect, that caused by thoughts seemed to be a better predictor of health, well-being, and psychological problems than that caused by day-to-day experiences.
杜阿（1989年）编制了思想与现实生活经历量表（THARL），以评估人们因其思想和日常经历而体验到的积极和消极情绪的程度。这本专著报告了一些旨在调查由思想和日常经历引起的消极和积极情绪与心理健康、心理问题和身体健康之间关系的研究。结果表明，自我报告的消极情绪占主导与更高水平的压力、抑郁、心理幸福感差、心理健康状况不佳、自尊水平较低以及自我报告的回顾性身体健康状况差有关。消极情绪占主导仅与前瞻性身体健康的两项指标之一相关，即四周内因医疗问题看医生的次数。积极情绪与自尊或身体健康均无关联。自信和A型/ B型行为与消极或积极情绪均无关联。此外，在消极情绪的两项指标中，由思想引起的消极情绪似乎比由日常经历引起的消极情绪更能预测健康、幸福感和心理问题。
