Department of Engineering Management, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; Research Group Sustainable Systems Engineering (STEN), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Department of Engineering Management, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
Waste Manag. 2022 Jun 15;147:10-21. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.05.004. Epub 2022 May 17.
The post-consumer plastic packaging waste management in Flanders was analyzed by performing a retrospective material flow analysis, covering an extensive period from 1985 to 2019. In addition, a prospective material flow analysis of 32 improvement scenarios was performed, based on expected changes in the waste management system. Mass recovery rates were calculated based on different interpretations of the calculation rules. Moreover, various cascading levels were identified to differentiate between the quality level of the secondary applications. The mass recovery rate including only recycling evolved from a value of 0% in 1985 to 31% in 2019 and could be increased to 36-62% depending on the improvement scenario selected. However, the different interpretations of the calculation rules led to a variation of up to 20 and 41% on this mass recovery rates for the retrospective and prospective analysis, respectively. The introduction of monostream recycling for additional post-consumer plastic packaging flows, such as low-density polyethylene, did not lead to increasing mass recovery rates, if no differentiation for the cascading levels was made. The Belgian recycling target of 65% for 2023 will be challenging if the strictest calculation method needs to be followed or if the improvements in the Flemish post-consumer plastic packaging waste system do not follow the best-case collection scenarios under the given assumptions. To harmonize the calculation and monitoring of these targets, clear calculation rules need to be accompanied with a harmonized monitoring system over the entire waste management system.
通过对 1985 年至 2019 年期间广泛时间段的回溯物质流分析，研究了佛兰德斯消费后塑料包装废物管理情况。此外，还基于废物管理系统的预期变化，对 32 种改进方案进行了前瞻性物质流分析。基于对计算规则的不同解释，计算了质量回收比率。此外，还确定了各种级联水平，以区分二次应用的质量水平。包括仅回收在内的质量回收比率从 1985 年的 0%演变到 2019 年的 31%，并可根据所选的改进方案提高到 36-62%。然而，对计算规则的不同解释导致回溯和前瞻性分析的质量回收比率分别存在高达 20%和 41%的差异。如果不对级联水平进行区分，为其他消费后塑料包装流（如低密度聚乙烯）引入单流回收并不会提高质量回收比率。如果需要遵循最严格的计算方法，或者如果佛兰德斯消费后塑料包装废物系统的改进不符合给定假设下最佳收集方案，那么 2023 年比利时 65%的回收目标将具有挑战性。为了协调这些目标的计算和监测，需要在整个废物管理系统中配备明确的计算规则和协调的监测系统。
