Department of Comparative, Diagnostic & Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2022;189(1):101-154. doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.02.001. Epub 2022 Mar 25.
During early embryonic development, late fetal growth, puberty, adult reproductive years, and advanced aging, bovine and human ovaries closely share molecular pathways and hormonal signaling mechanisms. Other similarities between these species include the size of ovaries, length of gestation, ovarian follicular and luteal dynamics, and pathophysiology of ovarian diseases. As an economically important agriculture species, cattle are a foundational species in fertility research with decades of groundwork using physiologic, genetic, and therapeutic experimental techniques. Many technologies used in modern reproductive medicine, such as ovulation induction using hormonal therapy, were first used in cows before human trials. Human ovarian diseases with naturally occurring bovine correlates include premature ovary insufficiency (POI), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and sex-cord stromal tumors (SCSTs). This article presents an overview of bovine ovary research related to causes of infertility, ovarian diseases, diagnostics, and therapeutics, emphasizing where the bovine model can offer advantages over other lab animals for translational applications.
在胚胎早期发育、胎儿后期生长、青春期、成年生殖期和衰老期，牛和人类的卵巢密切共享分子途径和激素信号机制。这些物种之间的其他相似之处包括卵巢大小、妊娠期长短、卵巢卵泡和黄体动态以及卵巢疾病的病理生理学。作为一种具有重要经济意义的农业物种，牛是生育研究的基础物种，数十年来一直使用生理、遗传和治疗实验技术进行基础研究。许多现代生殖医学中使用的技术，如使用激素治疗诱导排卵，在人体试验之前首先在牛身上使用。与人类卵巢疾病具有天然相关性的包括卵巢早衰（POI）、多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）和性索-间质肿瘤（SCST）。本文概述了与不孕原因、卵巢疾病、诊断和治疗相关的牛卵巢研究，强调了牛模型在转化应用中相对于其他实验动物的优势。
