Domènech-Abella Joan, Díaz-Cofine Sandra, Rubio-Valera Maria, Aznar-Lou Ignacio
Unitat de Recerca i Innovació, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, España.
Sant Joan de Déu Fundació de Recerca, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2022 May-Jun;57(3):161-167. doi: 10.1016/j.regg.2022.04.005. Epub 2022 May 18.
The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the CRENCO project which was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic including intergenerational activities shared by students from primary and secondary education and users of two centers for older adults and a day hospital in Catalonia. The effectiveness was assessed in terms of well-being in older adults and on negative stereotypes about the elderly in primary and secondary students.
Three interventions were carried out in which 32 older persons (9 users of centers for older adults and 23 of a day hospital), 99 primary students and 56 secondary students participated. Participants answered a questionnaire before and after the interventions. Through multilevel linear models for repeated measures, changes in feelings of loneliness, social support, anxiety and depressive symptoms, self-reported health and health-related quality of life were evaluated in older people. In primary and secondary students, changes in age stereotypes were evaluated.
Health-related quality of life and self-reported health improved statistically after the interventions in older persons. Users of the day hospital also reported an improvement in social support. Primary school students improved their age stereotypes; no statistically significant changes were detected in secondary students.
The results of the present study contribute to underlining the importance of intergenerational programs such as the one proposed by CRENCO, capable of improving well-being and providing a more realistic vision of the older adults. Our results suggest that these programs should be implemented during childhood in order to prevent the proliferation of ageist stereotypes in later life stages.
本研究旨在评估CRENCO项目的有效性，该项目在新冠疫情期间开展，包括中小学学生与加泰罗尼亚两个老年人中心及一家日间医院的使用者共同参与的代际活动。从老年人的幸福感以及中小学生对老年人的负面刻板印象方面评估该项目的有效性。
开展了三项干预措施，共有32名老年人（9名老年人中心使用者和23名日间医院使用者）、99名小学生和56名中学生参与。参与者在干预前后回答了一份问卷。通过重复测量的多层次线性模型，评估老年人孤独感、社会支持、焦虑和抑郁症状、自我报告的健康状况以及与健康相关的生活质量的变化。在中小学生中，评估年龄刻板印象的变化。
干预后，老年人与健康相关的生活质量和自我报告的健康状况在统计学上有所改善。日间医院的使用者也报告社会支持有所改善。小学生改善了他们的年龄刻板印象；中学生未发现统计学上的显著变化。
本研究结果有助于强调代际项目（如CRENCO提出的项目）的重要性，这类项目能够改善幸福感，并提供对老年人更现实的看法。我们的结果表明，这些项目应在儿童时期实施，以防止在生命后期阶段年龄歧视刻板印象的扩散。
