Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), Apartado 10, CP32700, San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba.
Environmental Analytics, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046, Zurich, Switzerland.
Environ Monit Assess. 2022 May 20;194(6):441. doi: 10.1007/s10661-022-10097-6.
Cuba is a country with considerable potential for economic growth, and special efforts are made to increase the agricultural output. As food production depends on the quality of soils, heavy metal concentrations were measured in 39 soils in the province of Mayabeque, Cuba, and interpreted in light of anthropogenic activities and pedogenic conditions (soil type and properties). With median concentrations of 1.8 Cd, 60.3 Cr, 48.1 Cu, 36.2 Ni, 16.7 Pb, 55.0 Zn, and 0.1 mg/kg Hg, soils of Mayabeque were mostly below Cuban quality reference values (QRV) representing benchmarks of quality standards but no official threshold values. Only Cd concentrations were in many cases above the QRV of 0.6 mg/kg and some Cu concentrations above the one of 83 mg/kg. While Cd, Cr, and Ni concentrations were rather pedogenically driven, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Hg contents were rather anthropogenically influenced. When evaluated statistically, Cd and Cr showed most times a significant influence of both sources. In contrast, Ni and Zn could not be significantly related with the origins investigated in this study. Hence, the allocation of heavy metal concentrations to pedogenic or anthropogenic contamination or pollution sources is tentative and needs further investigations. Nevertheless, the present data adds information on soil heavy metal concentrations in the Caribbean region, serves as reference before further industrial development, and sets the ground for adaptation of the QRV for Cd and possibly future national environmental standards.
古巴是一个具有相当经济增长潜力的国家，特别致力于提高农业产量。由于粮食生产取决于土壤质量，因此对古巴马亚贝克省的 39 种土壤中的重金属浓度进行了测量，并根据人为活动和土壤类型及特性等成土条件进行了解释。马亚贝克省的土壤中，镉、铬、铜、镍、铅、锌和汞的中位数浓度分别为 1.8、60.3、48.1、36.2、16.7、55.0 和 0.1mg/kg，大多数土壤的浓度均低于古巴质量参考值（QRV），代表着质量标准的基准，但没有官方的阈值。只有镉浓度在许多情况下高于 0.6mg/kg 的 QRV，一些铜浓度高于 83mg/kg 的 QRV。虽然镉、铬和镍的浓度主要受成土因素的驱动，但铜、铅、锌和汞的含量主要受人为因素的影响。从统计学上评估，镉和铬的浓度大多受到两种来源的显著影响。相比之下，镍和锌的浓度与本研究中调查的来源无法显著相关。因此，重金属浓度的分配是人为污染还是土壤成土因素污染或污染来源是不确定的，需要进一步的调查。尽管如此，本研究的数据增加了加勒比地区土壤重金属浓度的信息，为进一步的工业发展提供了参考，并为适应 QRV 以适应镉和可能未来的国家环境标准奠定了基础。
