Alfaro Mirelys Rodríguez, Montero Alfredo, Ugarte Olegario Muñiz, do Nascimento Clístenes Williams Araújo, de Aguiar Accioly Adriana Maria, Biondi Caroline Miranda, da Silva Ygor Jacques Agra Bezerra
Instituto de Suelos, MINAG, Autopista Costa-Costa km 8½, Capdevila, Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba,
Environ Monit Assess. 2015 Jan;187(1):4198. doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-4198-3. Epub 2014 Dec 14.
The potential threat of heavy metals to human health has led to many studies on permissible levels of these elements in soils. The objective of this study was to establish quality reference values (QRVs) for Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Fe, Mn, As, Hg, V, Ba, Sb, Ag, Co, and Mo in soils of Cuba. Geochemical associations between trace elements and Fe were also studied, aiming to provide an index for establishing background concentrations of metals in soils. Surface samples of 33 soil profiles from areas of native forest or minimal anthropic influence were collected. Samples were digested (USEPA method 3051A), and the metals were determined by ICP-OES. The natural concentrations of metals in soils of Cuba followed the order Fe > Mn > Ni > Cr > Ba > V > Zn > Cu > Pb > Co > As > Sb > Ag > Cd > Mo > Hg. The QRVs found for Cuban soils were as follows (mg kg(-1)): Ag (1), Ba (111), Cd (0.6), Co (25), Cr (153), Cu (83), Fe (54,055), Mn (1947), Ni (170), Pb (50), Sb (6), V (137), Zn (86), Mo (0.1), As (19), and Hg (0.1). The average natural levels of heavy metals are above the global average, especially for Ni and Cr. The chemical fractionation of soil samples presenting anomalous concentrations of metals showed that Cu, Ni, Cr, Sb, and As have low bioavailability. This suggests that the risk of contamination of agricultural products via plant uptake is low. However, the final decision on the establishment of soil QRVs in Cuba depends on political, economic, and social issues and in-depth risk analyses considering all routes of exposure to these elements.
重金属对人类健康的潜在威胁引发了许多关于土壤中这些元素允许含量水平的研究。本研究的目的是确定古巴土壤中镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）、锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、镍（Ni）、铬（Cr）、铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）、砷（As）、汞（Hg）、钒（V）、钡（Ba）、锑（Sb）、银（Ag）、钴（Co）和钼（Mo）的质量参考值（QRVs）。还研究了微量元素与铁之间的地球化学关联，旨在为确定土壤中金属的背景浓度提供一个指标。从原生森林地区或人类活动影响最小的地区采集了33个土壤剖面的表层样品。样品经消解（美国环境保护局方法3051A）后，采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP - OES）测定金属含量。古巴土壤中金属的自然浓度顺序为：铁＞锰＞镍＞铬＞钡＞钒＞锌＞铜＞铅＞钴＞砷＞锑＞银＞镉＞钼＞汞。古巴土壤的质量参考值如下（毫克/千克）：银（1）、钡（111）、镉（0.6）、钴（25）、铬（153）、铜（83）、铁（54055）、锰（1947）、镍（170）、铅（50）、锑（（6）、钒（137）、锌（86）、钼（0.1）、砷（19）、汞（0.1）。重金属的平均自然含量高于全球平均水平，尤其是镍和铬。对金属浓度异常的土壤样品进行化学分级分析表明，铜、镍、铬、锑和砷的生物有效性较低。这表明通过植物吸收导致农产品污染的风险较低。然而，古巴土壤质量参考值的最终确定取决于政治、经济和社会问题以及考虑这些元素所有暴露途径的深入风险分析。
