Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Marine Bioscience Dept, Tehran, P.O.BOX:1411813389, Iran.
Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science (INIOAS), Marine Bioscience Dept, Tehran, P.O.BOX:1411813389, Iran.
Mar Environ Res. 2022 Jun;178:105648. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105648. Epub 2022 May 14.
Chabahar Bay will undergo industrial and coastal pressures according to the government plan to develop the Makran coasts. Therefore, knowing its biological community as well as their possible interactions with environmental variables, before and after coastal development, is important. The amphipod community structure and their response to the structural and contaminant parameters of the sediment include: granulometry, total organic matter (TOM) overloading, heavy metal contamination based on the Pollution Load Index (PLI) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during post monsoon season of 2017 were investigated from 19 stations. Traditional diversity and taxonomic distinctness indices were calculated. Multivariate analysis revealed the main role of sediment grain size and depth in shaping amphipod community structure. Consequently, two specific ecological niches were determined: species that prefer non-muddy substrates; and those dwelling in muddy or muddy sandy biotopes. No correlation was found between the Shannon diversity (H'), the average taxonomic distinctness indices (Δ+) together and both with contamination parameters. The Δ+ funnel plot well separated under-stressed stations from the healthy ones. The presence of only Ampelisca congeners in under-stressed stations revealed the tolerant nature as well as species-specific response of the genus to anthropogenic impacts. Considerable tolerant response (P > 0.05, r = 0.4) of A. zamboangae to PAHs; A. persicus to TOM were observed. High concentration of nickel (Ni) in the studied area already stated due to erosion of ophiolite units from Makran Mountains. The significant correlation of the recently described Iranian species A. lowryi with Ni assumes that it is a native species that is well adapted to the geological conditions of the seabed. Instead Urothoe platydactyla can be considered as early warning signal for PAHs, TOM, Ni and cadmium (Cd) contamination particularly for non-muddy substrates. Our findings help to localize common biotic indices (e.g. AMBI, BENTIX, and BOPA) for studied area through correctly assignment of amphipods to the sensitive/tolerant ecological groups. Finally, we state that in the current situation of Chabahar Bay, in which no special industrial complexes have been established, any sediment-disrupting activity (i.e. sedimentation, dredging, trawling) affects its amphipod communities more than chemical pollutants.
恰巴哈尔湾将根据政府开发马克兰海岸的计划面临工业和沿海压力。因此，在沿海开发之前和之后，了解其生物群落以及它们与环境变量的可能相互作用非常重要。在 2017 年后季风季节，从 19 个站点调查了糠虾群落结构及其对沉积物结构和污染物参数（包括粒度、总有机物质（TOM）过载、基于污染负荷指数（PLI）的重金属污染和多环芳烃（PAHs））的响应。计算了传统的多样性和分类学独特性指数。多元分析表明，沉积物粒度和深度是塑造糠虾群落结构的主要因素。因此，确定了两个特定的生态位：喜欢非泥质基质的物种；以及那些生活在泥泞或泥泞沙质生境中的物种。香农多样性（H'）、平均分类学独特性指数（Δ+）与污染参数之间没有相关性。Δ+漏斗图很好地区分了处于压力下的站点和健康站点。在处于压力下的站点中只存在 Ampelisca 属种，这表明该属对人为影响具有耐受性和物种特异性反应。在研究区域中，Ampelisca zamboangae 对 PAHs（P>0.05，r=0.4）和 A. persicus 对 TOM 表现出相当大的耐受反应。由于来自 Makran 山脉的蛇绿岩单元的侵蚀，已经在研究区域中确定了镍（Ni）的高浓度。最近描述的伊朗物种 A. lowryi 与 Ni 的显著相关性表明它是一种适应海底地质条件的本地物种。相反，Urothoe platydactyla 可以被认为是 PAHs、TOM、Ni 和镉（Cd）污染的早期预警信号，特别是对于非泥质基质。我们的研究结果有助于通过将糠虾正确分配到敏感/耐受生态组来本地化研究区域的常见生物指数（例如 AMBI、BENTIX 和 BOPA）。最后，我们指出，在恰巴哈尔湾目前的情况下，尚未建立任何特殊的工业综合体，任何破坏沉积物的活动（即沉积、疏浚、拖网）对其糠虾群落的影响都大于化学污染物。
