Cénat Jude Mary, Rousseau Cécile, Bukaka Jacqueline, Dalexis Rose Darly, Guerrier Mireille
School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 May 6;13:767656. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.767656. eCollection 2022.
Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors and healthcare workers (HCWs) face stress, fear, and stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic that can induce severe symptoms of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We examined the prevalence and factors related to severe PTSD and anxiety symptoms, using a representative sample of survivors of the 2018-2020 EVD epidemic in DR Congo in comparison HCWs. Five hundred sixty-three participants (55.25% women, 309 survivors, 202 HCWs, and 52 HCWs and survivors) completed questionnaires assessing anxiety, PTSD, exposure to EVD and COVID-19, stigmatization related to EVD and COVID-19, interpersonal traumas, social support. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 45.6 and 75.0% of survivors and HCWs reported severe symptoms of PTSD and anxiety. Significant difference was observed among the three groups for both PTSD (53.7% survivors, 37.1% HCWs, and 30.8% HCWs-survivors, χ= 18.67, < 0.0001) and anxiety (88.3% survivors, 56.9% HCWs, and 65.4% HCWs- survivors, χ= 67.03, < 0.0001). Comorbidity of severe PTSD and anxiety symptoms was 42.3% between the three groups. Results revealed that exposure to EVD ( = 0.53; = 0.001; = 0.12; = 0.042), EVD-related stigmatization ( = 0.14; = 0.018; = 0.07; = 0.006), COVID-19-related stigmatization ( = 0.22; < 0.0001; = 0.08; = 0.0001) and social support ( = -0.30; < 0.0001; = -0.14; < 0.0001) predicted severe PTSD and anxiety symptoms. The last models explained 63.8 and 56.4% of the variance of PTSD and anxiety. Symptoms of PTSD and anxiety are common among EVD survivors and HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Culturally-sensitive programs that address stigma are necessary to mitigate the cumulative effects of EVD and the COVID-19 pandemic on EVD survivors and HCWs.
在新冠疫情期间，埃博拉病毒病（EVD）幸存者和医护人员面临压力、恐惧和污名化，这些可能会引发严重的焦虑症状和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。我们使用刚果民主共和国2018 - 2020年埃博拉疫情幸存者的代表性样本，并与医护人员进行比较，研究了与严重创伤后应激障碍和焦虑症状相关的患病率及因素。563名参与者（55.25%为女性，309名幸存者，202名医护人员，以及52名医护人员兼幸存者）完成了问卷调查，评估焦虑、创伤后应激障碍、接触埃博拉病毒病和新冠病毒病的情况、与埃博拉病毒病和新冠病毒病相关的污名化、人际创伤以及社会支持。在新冠疫情期间，45.6%的幸存者和75.0%的医护人员报告有严重的创伤后应激障碍和焦虑症状。在创伤后应激障碍（53.7%的幸存者、37.1%的医护人员和30.8%的医护人员兼幸存者，χ = 18.67，< 0.0001）和焦虑（88.3%的幸存者、56.9%的医护人员和65.4%的医护人员兼幸存者，χ = 67.03，< 0.0001）方面，三组之间均观察到显著差异。三组中严重创伤后应激障碍和焦虑症状的共病率为42.3%。结果显示，接触埃博拉病毒病（β = 0.53；t = 0.001；SE = 0.12；p = 0.042）、与埃博拉病毒病相关的污名化（β = 0.14；t = 0.018；SE = 0.07；p = 0.006）、与新冠病毒病相关的污名化（β = 0.22；< 0.0001；SE = 0.08；p = 0.0001）以及社会支持（β = -0.30；< 0.0001；SE = -0.14；< 0.0001）可预测严重的创伤后应激障碍和焦虑症状。最后的模型解释了创伤后应激障碍和焦虑变异的63.8%和56.4%。在新冠疫情期间，创伤后应激障碍和焦虑症状在埃博拉病毒病幸存者和医护人员中很常见。开展应对污名化的文化敏感项目对于减轻埃博拉病毒病和新冠疫情对埃博拉病毒病幸存者和医护人员的累积影响是必要的。
