Alokan Damilola Sophia, Kabir Zubair
School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Tob Use Insights. 2022 May 16;15:1179173X221096641. doi: 10.1177/1179173X221096641. eCollection 2022.
Evidence suggests that the prevalence of tobacco use has declined significantly in the general population but still remains high among people incarcerated in high-income countries. Tobacco use is the second leading risk factor of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The objective of this study is to synthesize evidence on the prevalence of smoking among people incarcerated in Western European countries.
We searched the PubMed database for articles published between June 2010 and June 2020, website of international organizations and hand-searching references. One author reviewed studies that met pre-defined inclusion criteria, and this was cross-validated by a second reviewer, following the MOOSE guidelines. The Meta prop command of Stata (V16) was used for pooling smoking prevalence estimates. Random effects modelling, heterogeneity with subgroup analysis and publication bias was assessed.
Out the 236 identified articles, 25 with full texts were eligible, and 16 were finally included in this study. The overall pooled estimate of smoking prevalence was 72.3%, 95% CI (54.8-84.7), and high heterogeneity (I2 = 99.73%). Females had a pooled prevalence 44.1% (95% CI 9.4-82.6) while males 83.3% (95% CI 72.0-92.1). The total number of prisoners combined in this study was 16,435 (ranging from 31-21,451) with age ranging from 24-43 years.
A relatively high smoking rate was observed among incarcerated people - higher among the male population. The study findings are useful for informing policy-makers of the existing burden of smoking in special vulnerable populations across Western Europe-and the need for comprehensive tobacco control policies in different population settings.
有证据表明，一般人群中的烟草使用率已显著下降，但在高收入国家的被监禁人群中仍然很高。烟草使用是全球第二大死亡和发病风险因素。本研究的目的是综合西欧国家被监禁人群中吸烟率的证据。
我们在PubMed数据库中搜索了2010年6月至2020年6月发表的文章、国际组织网站并手工检索参考文献。一位作者对符合预定义纳入标准的研究进行了审查，并由第二位审查者按照MOOSE指南进行交叉验证。使用Stata（V16）的Meta prop命令汇总吸烟率估计值。评估了随机效应模型、亚组分析的异质性和发表偏倚。
在236篇已识别的文章中，25篇全文符合条件，最终16篇被纳入本研究。吸烟率的总体合并估计值为72.3%，95%置信区间（54.8 - 84.7），异质性高（I2 = 99.73%）。女性的合并患病率为44.1%（95%置信区间9.4 - 82.6），而男性为83.3%（95%置信区间72.0 - 92.1）。本研究纳入的囚犯总数为16435人（范围从31 - 21451人），年龄范围为24 - 43岁。
在被监禁人群中观察到相对较高的吸烟率，男性人群中更高。研究结果有助于告知政策制定者西欧特殊弱势群体中现有的吸烟负担，以及在不同人群环境中制定全面烟草控制政策的必要性。
