Salmin V V, Morgun A V, Olovyannikova R Ya, Kutyakov V A, Lychkovskaya E V, Brusina E B, Salmina A B
Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, ul. Partizana Zheleznyaka 1, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Kemerovo State Medical University, ul. Voroshilova 22A, 650056 Kemerovo, Russia.
Biochem Mosc Suppl B Biomed Chem. 2022;16(2):79-90. doi: 10.1134/S1990750822020068. Epub 2022 May 17.
The review summarizes literature data on molecular and biochemical mechanisms of nonspecific protection of respiratory epithelium. The special attention is paid to comprehensive analysis of up-to-date data on the activity of the lactoperoxidase system expressed on the surface of the respiratory epithelium which provides the generation of hypothiocyanate and hypoiodite in the presence of locally produced or inhaled hydrogen peroxide. Molecular mechanisms of production of active compounds with antiviral and antibacterial effects, expression profiles of enzymes, transporters and ion channels involved in the generation of hypothiocyanite and hypoiodite in the mucous membrane of the respiratory system in physiological and pathological conditions (inflammation) are discussed. A hypothesis about the effect of atmospheric air composition on the efficiency of hypothiocyanate and hypoiodite generation in the respiratory epithelium in the context of its antibacterial and antiviral protection is presented. The causes and consequences of insufficiency of the lactoperoxidase system caused by the action of atmospheric factors are discussed in the context of controlling the sensitivity of the epithelium to the action of bacterial agents and viruses. Good evidence exists that restoration of the lactoperoxidase system activity can be achieved by application of pharmacological agents aimed to compensate for the deficit of halides in tissues, and by the control of chemical composition of the inhaled air.
本综述总结了有关呼吸道上皮非特异性保护的分子和生化机制的文献数据。特别关注对呼吸道上皮表面表达的乳过氧化物酶系统活性的最新数据进行综合分析，该系统在存在局部产生或吸入的过氧化氢时可生成次硫氰酸盐和次碘酸盐。讨论了具有抗病毒和抗菌作用的活性化合物的产生分子机制、参与呼吸系统黏膜在生理和病理条件（炎症）下生成次硫氰酸盐和次碘酸盐的酶、转运蛋白和离子通道的表达谱。提出了关于大气空气成分在呼吸道上皮抗菌和抗病毒保护背景下对次硫氰酸盐和次碘酸盐生成效率影响的假说。在控制上皮对细菌和病毒作用的敏感性的背景下，讨论了大气因素作用导致乳过氧化物酶系统不足的原因和后果。有充分证据表明，通过应用旨在补偿组织中卤化物缺乏的药物制剂以及控制吸入空气的化学成分，可以恢复乳过氧化物酶系统的活性。
