Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.
Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 Dec;182:114281. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114281. Epub 2020 Oct 17.
The control of antimicrobial resistance requires the development of novel antimicrobial alternatives and naturally occurring peroxidase-catalyzed systems may be of great value in this era of emerging antimicrobial resistance. In the peroxidase system, a peroxidase enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of a halide/pseudohalide, at the expense of hydrogen peroxide, to generate reactive products with broad antimicrobial properties. The appropriate use of peroxidase systems needs a better understanding of the identities and properties of the generated antimicrobial oxidants, specific targets in bacterial cells, their mode of action and the factors favoring or limiting their activity. Here, the ABCs (antibacterial activity, bacterial "backtalk" and cytotoxicity) of these systems and their mimics are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the concomitant use of thiocyanate and iodide dual substrates in peroxidase/peroxidase-free systems with implications on their antimicrobial activity. This review also provides a summary of actual applications of peroxidase systems as bio-preservatives in oral healthcare, milk industry, food/feed specialties and related products, mastitis and wound treatment; lastly, this review points to opportunities for further research and potential applications.
控制抗菌药物耐药性需要开发新型抗菌替代品，而天然存在的过氧化物酶催化系统在抗菌药物耐药性不断出现的时代可能具有巨大的价值。在过氧化物酶系统中，过氧化物酶酶催化卤化物/拟卤化物的氧化，消耗过氧化氢，生成具有广泛抗菌特性的反应产物。过氧化物酶系统的合理使用需要更好地了解所产生的抗菌氧化剂的身份和特性、细菌细胞中的特定靶标、它们的作用方式以及有利于或限制其活性的因素。在这里，讨论了这些系统及其模拟物的抗菌活性（抗菌活性、细菌“反话”和细胞毒性）。特别关注在没有过氧化物酶的过氧化物酶/过氧化物酶系统中同时使用硫氰酸盐和碘化物双重底物对其抗菌活性的影响。本综述还总结了过氧化物酶系统作为口腔保健、牛奶工业、食品/饲料专业及相关产品、乳腺炎和伤口处理中的生物防腐剂的实际应用；最后，本综述指出了进一步研究和潜在应用的机会。
