Mortensen Peter W, Raviskanthan Subahari, Chévez-Barrios Patricia, Lee Andrew G
Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
Departments of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA.
Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2022 Apr 18;35(3):198-203. doi: 10.4103/SJOPT.SJOPT_152_21. eCollection 2021 Jul-Sep.
There are multiple vasculitides which are distinguished based on multiple criteria, including size of affected vessels, distribution of vessels affected, histopathologic differences, genetic factors, and age at presentation. Takayasu's arteritis (TkA) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are the two main medium to large vessel vasculitides. These vasculitides are associated with different racial predilections, vascular distributions, age groups, diagnostic criteria, and treatments. Nevertheless, the many shared histopathologic features, genetic factors, and overlap in presentation of these two diseases suggest that they may actually be variable presentations of the same disease process, i.e., large vessel vasculitis. This article will review the genetics, histopathology, disease mechanisms, and diagnostic criteria for both TkA and GCA. Overall, despite major advances our understanding of these two diseases, it is still debated whether these two large vessel vasculitides represent two distinct diseases processes or simply variations of the same disease.
有多种血管炎，可根据多种标准进行区分，包括受累血管的大小、受累血管的分布、组织病理学差异、遗传因素以及发病年龄。高安动脉炎（Takayasu's arteritis，TkA）和巨细胞动脉炎（giant cell arteritis，GCA）是两种主要的中到大血管血管炎。这些血管炎与不同的种族倾向、血管分布、年龄组、诊断标准和治疗方法相关。然而，这两种疾病许多共同的组织病理学特征、遗传因素以及临床表现的重叠表明，它们实际上可能是同一疾病过程的不同表现形式，即大血管血管炎。本文将综述TkA和GCA的遗传学、组织病理学、疾病机制及诊断标准。总体而言，尽管我们对这两种疾病的理解取得了重大进展，但这两种大血管血管炎是代表两种不同的疾病过程还是仅仅是同一疾病的不同变体仍存在争议。
