Edelmann Mariola J, Kima Peter E
Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
Zoonoses. 2022;2. doi: 10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0004. Epub 2022 May 12.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed packets released from cells that can transfer bioactive molecules from cell to cell without direct contact with the target cells. This transfer of molecules can activate consequential processes in the recipient cells, including cell differentiation and migration that maintain tissue homeostasis or promote tissue pathology. One controversial aspect of the EV's biology that holds therapeutic promise is their capacity to engage defined cells at specific sites. On the one hand, persuasive studies have shown that EVs express surface molecules that ensure their tissue localization and enable cell-specific interactions, as demonstrated using and analyses. Therefore, this feature of EV biology is under investigation in translational studies to control malignancies and deliver chemicals and bioactive molecules to combat several diseases. On the other hand, some studies have shown that EVs fail to traffic in hosts in a targeted manner, which questions the potential role of EVs as vehicles for drug delivery and their capacity to serve as cell-free biomodulators. In this review, the biology of EV homing/tropism in mammalian hosts is discussed, and the biological characteristics that may result in their controversial characteristics are brought to the fore.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是从细胞释放的膜包裹小体，能够在不与靶细胞直接接触的情况下将生物活性分子从一个细胞转移到另一个细胞。这种分子转移可激活受体细胞中的后续过程，包括维持组织稳态或促进组织病理的细胞分化和迁移。EV生物学中一个具有治疗前景但存在争议的方面是它们在特定部位与特定细胞结合的能力。一方面，有说服力的研究表明，EVs表达表面分子，确保其在组织中的定位并实现细胞特异性相互作用，如使用[具体分析方法1]和[具体分析方法2]分析所证明的那样。因此，EV生物学的这一特性正在转化研究中接受调查，以控制恶性肿瘤，并递送化学物质和生物活性分子来对抗多种疾病。另一方面，一些研究表明，EVs无法以靶向方式在宿主体内运输，这对EVs作为药物递送载体的潜在作用及其作为无细胞生物调节剂的能力提出了质疑。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了哺乳动物宿主中EV归巢/嗜性的生物学特性，并突出了可能导致其争议性特征的生物学特性。
