Department of Neuroscience Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2022;57:363-393. doi: 10.1007/7854_2022_342.
To describe animals that express abnormal behaviors as a model of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) implies that the abnormalities are analogous to those expressed by ADHD patients. The diagnostic features of ADHD comprise inattentiveness, impulsivity, and hyperactivity and so these behaviors are fundamental for validation of any animal model of this disorder. Several experimental interventions such as neurotoxic lesion of neonatal rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), genetic alterations, or selective inbreeding of rodents have produced animals that express each of these impairments to some extent. This article appraises the validity of claims that these procedures have produced a model of ADHD, which is essential if they are to be used to investigate the underlying cause(s) of ADHD and its abnormal neurobiology.
将表现出异常行为的动物描述为注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的模型，意味着这些异常与 ADHD 患者表现出的异常类似。ADHD 的诊断特征包括注意力不集中、冲动和多动，因此这些行为是验证任何这种疾病动物模型的基础。一些实验干预措施，如用 6-羟多巴胺（6-OHDA）对新生大鼠进行神经毒性损伤、遗传改变或啮齿动物的选择性近亲繁殖，已经产生了在某种程度上表现出这些损伤的动物。本文评估了这些程序是否产生了 ADHD 模型的说法的有效性，如果要利用这些模型来研究 ADHD 的潜在原因及其异常神经生物学，这是至关重要的。
