Nopiyani Ni Made Sri, Januraga Pande Putu, Wirawan I Md Ady, Bakta I Made
Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia.
Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia.
JMIR Res Protoc. 2022 May 23;11(5):e33840. doi: 10.2196/33840.
Tourists are at risk of experiencing health problems during their travel. However, even though tour guides have the potential to become travel health promoters, their participation has not been optimal.
This study aims to develop a comprehensive travel health education model to help tour guides improve health information delivery to tourists.
This is an exploratory sequential mixed methods research. The first phase consisted of a qualitative study with an informed grounded theory design. In-depth interviews were carried out with tour guides from all language divisions and policymakers of the Indonesian Tour Guide Association Bali Branch or Himpunan Pramuwisata Indonesia Daerah Bali (HPI Bali). The interview guidelines were developed based on the theory of planned behavior and identity theory. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. In the interim phase, a travel health education model and questionnaire were developed based on the qualitative findings. The initial model and its instruments were finetuned after consultation with travel medicine and health promotion experts. Furthermore, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were tested on 30 tour guides. The second phase consisted of a quantitative study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 76 tour guides in the intervention group received comprehensive travel health education, while 76 in the control group received no specific intervention. Outcome variables (ie, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, actual behavioral control, role identity, and behavioral intention) were measured at baseline (T), after the online training (T), before information sharing via WhatsApp (T), a month after the start of the WhatsApp intervention (T), and at the end of the WhatsApp intervention (T). The mean difference of each outcome variable before and after the intervention will be compared between the intervention and control groups. Thereafter, the quantitative and qualitative findings will be integrated into a joint display.
The qualitative phase was conducted through in-depth interviews with 21 informants who included tour guides and policymakers from HPI Bali from May to June 2021. The education model, educational materials, and questionnaire were developed based on the qualitative findings and consultation with experts. The education model consists of online training and information sharing through WhatsApp and was trialed with tour guides from November 2021 to February 2022. As of April 2022, this study is in the quantitative data analysis stage.
A travel health education model was developed based on qualitative findings and consultation with experts. The model was tested with tour guides, and a series of self-administered questionnaires were completed. This study is in the quantitative data analysis stage and will continue by integrating qualitative and quantitative findings into a joint display.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04961983; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04961983.
游客在旅行期间有遭遇健康问题的风险。然而，尽管导游有潜力成为旅行健康促进者，但其参与度并不理想。
本研究旨在开发一种全面的旅行健康教育模式，以帮助导游提高向游客提供健康信息的能力。
这是一项探索性序列混合方法研究。第一阶段为采用有依据的扎根理论设计的定性研究。对来自各语言部门的导游以及印度尼西亚导游协会巴厘分会（即Himpunan Pramuwisata Indonesia Daerah Bali，简称HPI Bali）的政策制定者进行了深入访谈。访谈指南基于计划行为理论和身份理论制定。对定性数据进行了主题分析。在中间阶段，根据定性研究结果开发了旅行健康教育模式和问卷。在与旅行医学和健康促进专家协商后，对初始模式及其工具进行了微调。此外，在30名导游中对问卷的有效性和可靠性进行了测试。第二阶段为采用随机前测-后测对照组设计的定量研究。干预组的76名导游接受了全面的旅行健康教育，而对照组的76名导游未接受任何特定干预。在基线（T0）、在线培训后（T1）、通过WhatsApp分享信息前（T2）、WhatsApp干预开始一个月后（T3）以及WhatsApp干预结束时（T4）测量结果变量（即态度、主观规范、感知行为控制、实际行为控制、角色认同和行为意图）。将比较干预组和对照组干预前后各结果变量的平均差异。此后，将定量和定性研究结果整合到一个联合展示中。
定性阶段于2021年5月至6月通过对21名受访者进行深入访谈完成，这些受访者包括HPI Bali的导游和政策制定者。基于定性研究结果并与专家协商，开发了教育模式、教育材料和问卷。教育模式包括在线培训和通过WhatsApp分享信息，并于2021年11月至次年2月在导游中进行了试验。截至2022年4月，本研究处于定量数据分析阶段。
基于定性研究结果并与专家协商，开发了一种旅行健康教育模式。该模式在导游中进行了测试，并完成了一系列自填式问卷。本研究处于定量数据分析阶段，后续将通过把定性和定量研究结果整合到一个联合展示中继续进行。
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04961983；https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04961983 。
