Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2023 Jan;123(1):77-86.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.05.018. Epub 2022 May 20.
Depression and diet quality appear to be associated in the general population. Nevertheless, little is known about their relationship among pregnant females.
The aims of this study were first, to investigate longitudinally whether or not diet quality is associated with depressive symptoms during pregnancy; second, to examine whether or not variation in diet quality during pregnancy predicts variation in depressive symptoms; and third, to explore how individual dietary components are associated with depressive symptoms.
A longitudinal secondary analysis of the Kuopio Birth Cohort Study in eastern Finland was conducted. Data were collected from pregnant females during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: The participants were 1,362 pregnant females who entered the study between 2012 and 2017.
Depressive symptoms, as measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depressive Scale during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy were used as continuous variables.
The main analyses consisted of linear mixed model analyses adjusted for potential confounders to longitudinally assess the association between diet quality as measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2015, calculated using data from a food frequency questionnaire completed during the first trimester and third trimester, and depressive symptoms during the study period. An exploratory set of linear mixed models was also used to longitudinally assess the associations between selected individual food frequency questionnaire food groups and depressive symptoms.
Descriptive analyses revealed that 12.3% of the participants had clinically relevant levels of depressive symptoms (ie, Edinburgh Postnatal Depressive Scale score ≥10) during either the first or third trimester. Longitudinal modeling suggested that depressive symptoms in pregnant females tend to remain stable throughout pregnancy. Females with a poorer quality diet already displayed higher levels of depressive symptoms during the first trimester of pregnancy (β = -.038 ± .016; P = 0.022). Variation in diet quality did not predict variation in depressive symptoms over the course of pregnancy (β = -9.741 × 10 ± .001; P = 0.869).
Females entering pregnancy with a poorer quality diet also displayed higher levels of depressive symptoms compared with females with a higher quality diet at the beginning of pregnancy, and this association remained constant throughout pregnancy. Further research is needed to assess the direction and the potential causality of the observed associations between diet quality and depressive symptoms.
在一般人群中，抑郁和饮食质量似乎存在关联。然而，关于孕妇群体中两者之间的关系，我们知之甚少。
本研究的目的首先是探究在怀孕期间，饮食质量是否与抑郁症状相关；其次是研究孕期饮食质量的变化是否可以预测抑郁症状的变化；最后是探讨个体饮食成分与抑郁症状的关系。
本研究对芬兰东部的库奥皮奥出生队列研究进行了纵向二次分析。数据收集于 2012 年至 2017 年间的孕妇妊娠第一和第三期。
参与者/设置：共有 1362 名孕妇参加了这项研究，她们在研究期间进入妊娠。
采用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（Edinburgh Postnatal Depressive Scale）在妊娠第一和第三期评估抑郁症状，该量表为连续变量。
主要分析采用线性混合模型分析，调整潜在混杂因素，对健康饮食指数-2015（Healthy Eating Index-2015）进行纵向评估，该指数通过在妊娠第一和第三期完成的食物频率问卷计算得出，同时对研究期间的抑郁症状进行评估。还采用了一组线性混合模型对个别食物频率问卷食物组与抑郁症状的纵向关系进行了探索性分析。
描述性分析显示，12.3%的参与者在妊娠第一或第三期存在临床相关水平的抑郁症状（即爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评分≥10）。纵向建模表明，孕妇的抑郁症状在整个孕期趋于稳定。饮食质量较差的孕妇在妊娠第一期已表现出较高水平的抑郁症状（β=-0.038±0.016；P=0.022）。孕期饮食质量的变化并不能预测抑郁症状的变化（β=-9.741×10-3±0.001；P=0.869）。
与饮食质量较高的孕妇相比，进入妊娠的女性饮食质量较差，其在妊娠初期的抑郁症状水平也较高，而且这种关联在整个孕期都保持不变。需要进一步研究来评估饮食质量与抑郁症状之间观察到的关联的方向和潜在因果关系。
