Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
Curr Top Dev Biol. 2022;149:123-152. doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2021.12.001. Epub 2022 Feb 28.
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a conserved superfamily of transmembrane growth factor receptors that drive numerous cellular processes during development and in the adult. Upon activation, multiple adaptors and signaling effector proteins are recruited to binding site motifs located within the intracellular domain of the RTK. These RTK-effector interactions drive subsequent intracellular signaling cascades involved in canonical RTK signaling. Genetic dissection has revealed that alleles of Fibroblast Growth Factor receptors (FGFRs) that lack all canonical RTK signaling still retain some kinase-dependent biological activity. Here we examine how genetic analysis can be used to understand the mechanism by which RTKs drive multiple developmental processes via canonical signaling while revealing noncanonical activities. Recent data from both FGFRs and other RTKs highlight potential noncanonical roles in cell adhesion and nuclear signaling. The data supporting such functions are discussed as are recent technologies that have the potential to provide valuable insight into the developmental significance of these noncanonical activities.
受体酪氨酸激酶(RTKs)是一个保守的跨膜生长因子受体超家族,在发育和成年过程中驱动着许多细胞过程。RTK 被激活后,多个衔接蛋白和信号效应蛋白被招募到位于 RTK 细胞内结构域的结合位点基序上。这些 RTK-效应物相互作用驱动随后的细胞内信号级联反应,参与经典 RTK 信号。遗传分析表明,缺乏所有经典 RTK 信号的成纤维细胞生长因子受体 (FGFR) 等位基因仍然保留一些激酶依赖性的生物学活性。在这里,我们研究了遗传分析如何用于理解 RTK 通过经典信号驱动多种发育过程的机制,同时揭示非经典活性。最近来自 FGFR 和其他 RTK 的数据强调了在细胞黏附和核信号中的潜在非经典作用。讨论了支持这些功能的数据,以及最近可能提供有价值的见解的技术,这些技术对于这些非经典活性的发育意义具有潜在价值。