Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA.
Genes Dev. 2020 Oct 1;34(19-20):1256-1286. doi: 10.1101/gad.342089.120.
The mouse is one of the most widely used model organisms for genetic study. The tools available to alter the mouse genome have developed over the preceding decades from forward screens to gene targeting in stem cells to the recent influx of CRISPR approaches. In this review, we first consider the history of mice in genetic study, the development of classic approaches to genome modification, and how such approaches have been used and improved in recent years. We then turn to the recent surge of nuclease-mediated techniques and how they are changing the field of mouse genetics. Finally, we survey common classes of alleles used in mice and discuss how they might be engineered using different methods.
老鼠是遗传研究中最广泛使用的模式生物之一。在过去的几十年中，用于改变老鼠基因组的工具已经从正向筛选发展到了干细胞中的基因靶向，再到最近涌入的 CRISPR 方法。在这篇综述中，我们首先考虑了老鼠在遗传研究中的历史，经典的基因组修饰方法的发展，以及近年来这些方法是如何被使用和改进的。然后，我们转向最近兴起的核酸酶介导的技术，以及它们如何改变老鼠遗传学领域。最后，我们调查了在老鼠中使用的常见等位基因类型，并讨论了如何使用不同的方法对它们进行工程改造。
