Eckerter Philipp W, Albrecht Matthias, Bertrand Colette, Gobet Erika, Herzog Felix, Pfister Sonja C, Tinner Willy, Entling Martin H
iES Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany.
Agricultural Landscapes and Biodiversity, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland.
Landsc Ecol. 2022;37(6):1573-1586. doi: 10.1007/s10980-022-01448-2. Epub 2022 Apr 30.
Flowering plants can enhance wild insect populations and their pollination services to crops in agricultural landscapes, especially when they flower before the focal crop. However, characterizing the temporal availability of specific floral resources is a challenge.
Developing an index for the availability of floral resources at the landscape scale according to the specific use by a pollinator. Investigating whether detailed and temporally-resolved floral resource maps predict pollination success of broad bean better than land cover maps.
We mapped plant species used as pollen source by bumblebees in 24 agricultural landscapes and developed an index of floral resource availability for different times of the flowering season. To measure pollination success, patches of broad bean (), a plant typically pollinated by bumblebees, were exposed in the center of selected landscapes.
Higher floral resource availability before bean flowering led to enhanced seed set. Floral resource availability synchronous to broad bean flowering had no effect. Seed set was somewhat better explained by land cover maps than by floral resource availability, increasing with urban area and declining with the cover of arable land.
The timing of alternative floral resource availability is important for crop pollination. The higher explanation of pollination success by land cover maps than by floral resource availability indicates that additional factors such as habitat disturbance and nesting sites play a role in pollination. Enhancing non-crop woody plants in agricultural landscapes as pollen sources may ensure higher levels of crop pollination by wild pollinators such as bumblebees.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-022-01448-2.
开花植物可以增加野生昆虫数量及其对农业景观中作物的授粉服务，特别是当它们在主要作物之前开花时。然而，描述特定花卉资源的时间可用性是一项挑战。
根据传粉者的特定用途，制定景观尺度上花卉资源可用性的指标。研究详细的、按时间解析的花卉资源地图是否比土地覆盖地图更能预测蚕豆的授粉成功率。
我们绘制了24个农业景观中被熊蜂用作花粉源的植物物种，并制定了开花季节不同时间的花卉资源可用性指数。为了测量授粉成功率，在选定景观的中心放置了通常由熊蜂授粉的蚕豆斑块。
蚕豆开花前较高的花卉资源可用性导致结实率提高。与蚕豆开花同步的花卉资源可用性没有影响。土地覆盖地图比花卉资源可用性对结实率的解释更好一些，结实率随城市面积增加而增加，随耕地覆盖面积减少而减少。
替代花卉资源可用性的时间对作物授粉很重要。土地覆盖地图比花卉资源可用性对授粉成功率的解释更高，这表明栖息地干扰和筑巢地点等其他因素在授粉中起作用。在农业景观中增加非作物木本植物作为花粉源，可能确保野生传粉者如熊蜂对作物进行更高水平的授粉。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s10980-022-01448-2获取的补充材料。
