Anil Seegehalli M, Peeri Hadar, Koltai Hinanit
Institute of Plant Science, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
Front Pharmacol. 2022 May 9;13:908198. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.908198. eCollection 2022.
Inflammation often develops from acute, chronic, or auto-inflammatory disorders that can lead to compromised organ function. Cannabis () has been used to treat inflammation for millennia, but its use in modern medicine is hampered by a lack of scientific knowledge. Previous studies report that cannabis extracts and inflorescence inhibit inflammatory responses and in pre-clinical and clinical trials. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a modulator of immune system activity, and dysregulation of this system is involved in various chronic inflammations. This system includes cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), arachidonic acid-derived endocannabinoids, and enzymes involved in endocannabinoid metabolism. Cannabis produces a large number of phytocannabinoids and numerous other biomolecules such as terpenes and flavonoids. In multiple experimental models, both and , several phytocannabinoids, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG), exhibit activity against inflammation. These phytocannabinoids may bind to ECS and/or other receptors and ameliorate various inflammatory-related diseases by activating several signaling pathways. Synergy between phytocannabinoids, as well as between phytocannabinoids and terpenes, has been demonstrated. Cannabis activity can be improved by selecting the most active plant ingredients (API) while eliminating parts of the whole extract. Moreover, in the future cannabis components might be combined with pharmaceutical drugs to reduce inflammation.
炎症通常由急性、慢性或自身炎症性疾病发展而来，这些疾病可能导致器官功能受损。几千年来，大麻一直被用于治疗炎症，但其在现代医学中的应用因缺乏科学知识而受到阻碍。先前的研究报告称，大麻提取物和花序在临床前和临床试验中可抑制炎症反应。内源性大麻素系统（ECS）是免疫系统活动的调节因子，该系统的失调与各种慢性炎症有关。这个系统包括1型和2型大麻素受体（CB1和CB2）、花生四烯酸衍生的内源性大麻素以及参与内源性大麻素代谢的酶。大麻产生大量的植物大麻素以及许多其他生物分子，如萜类化合物和黄酮类化合物。在多个实验模型中，包括Δ9-四氢大麻酚（THC）、大麻二酚（CBD）和大麻萜酚（CBG）在内的几种植物大麻素都表现出抗炎活性。这些植物大麻素可能与ECS和/或其他受体结合，并通过激活多种信号通路来改善各种炎症相关疾病。已经证明了植物大麻素之间以及植物大麻素与萜类化合物之间的协同作用。通过选择最具活性的植物成分（API），同时去除整个提取物的某些部分，可以提高大麻的活性。此外，未来大麻成分可能会与药物联合使用以减轻炎症。
